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An underwater microphone that can be used to capture or listen to underwater sound is called a hydrophone. A piezoelectric transducer, which is the foundation of the majority of hydrophones, produces an electric potential in response to a shift in pressure, like that caused by a sound wave.
Some piezoelectric sensors can also be used as sound projectors, but not all of them can, and some might even be damaged if they are.
Because it is made to match the acoustic impedance of water, a denser fluid than air, a hydrophone can hear airborne noises but will be insensitive to them.
The Global Hydrophone market accounted for $XX Billion in 2024 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
The FBG hydrophone can operate in high-frequency acoustic waves, and it is experimentally compared to a traditional piezoelectric hydrophone in the frequency range of 4 to 10 kHz under the same test circumstances.
The findings of the experiments show that the fibre grating hydrophone has a higher responsiveness than the conventional hydrophone.
This wide-band fibre hydrophone can be helpful in long-term constant monitoring of acoustic waves due to the distinctive sensing structure design.
For estimating object distance under water, an acoustic wave-based hydrophone can be used. Traditional hydrophones are based on a piezoelectric transducer that generates an electric signal by detecting a change in pressure, but they have the drawbacks of being large, susceptible to corrosion, and short circuiting by electrical current.
The fibre Bragg grating hydrophone is based on the intensity modulation of laser light in an FBG under the impact of sound pressure to demonstrate linearity with a dynamic range of approximately 70 dB, and is operated in the range of 1 kHz to 3 MHz for the acoustic frequency.
The pressure from the acoustic wave is converted into a force on the fibre axis that acts on the laser chamber to alter the fibre’s birefringence and the beat frequency between the two polarisation lines.
To lower the expense of the deployed system with less background ocean acoustic noise, it was suggested to use a passive optical fibre hydrophone array made of fibre Bragg gratings that are interrogated using a single solid-state spectrometer.
