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The word “acoustics” describes the characteristics that govern a space’s capacity to reflect sound waves in a way that results in clear hearing.
Additionally, it alludes to the study of sound in terms of its creation, manifestation, manipulation, transmission, and reception.
In response to a broadcast inquiry from a ground-based radar station, a transponder will emit an identifying coded signal.
The recognised blip may then be seen on a screen by an air traffic controller, who can then identify it and give instructions to the flight crews about keeping a safe distance from other blips.
There are essentially two different kinds of transponders. These are transponders for bent pipes and transponders for regeneration.
Air traffic control can recognise an aircraft thanks to the transponder ident function. The transponder/ADS-B Out equipment must only be used in accordance with ATC instructions.
An accurate timing positioning beacon is an acoustic transponder. It communicates with USBL or LBL systems by acoustic signals and works in a frequency band chosen in accordance with the anticipated operational range.
An acoustic transponder is primarily used to create a network of calibrated beacons for subsea navigation and to manage the navigation of subsea vehicles (ROV, AUV, etc.) through a surface positioning system.
The Global Acoustic Transponder market accounted for $XX Billion in 2022 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2030.
Acoustic transponders
The types of acoustic transponders are numerous. High frequency transponders are used for short-range tracking in ultra-short baseline systems.
Low-frequency systems with a wide frequency range are used in long baseline systems.
Underwater navigation is done accurately using sound.
Acoustic hydrophones or transducers and acoustic transponders are used in underwater locating systems.
Acoustic navigation systems come in a variety of designs, from very short baseline to long baseline.
Systems with an ultra-short baseline (USBL) are controlled from a surface vessel. The tracking device, such as a side scan towfish or remotely driven vehicle, is equipped with an acoustic transponder that operates at a certain frequency (ROV).
The acoustic range and bearing to the transponder are measured by a hydrophone.
In relation to the vessel, the transponder’s location is calculated. The specific location of the transponder can be determined if the vessel’s exact position is known.
Short-range navigation requirements are ideally suited for USBL acoustic navigation systems. They generally have a range of 100–500 m and operate at frequencies of 100 kHz.
It is not necessary to operate long baseline (LBL) systems from a surface vessel. An acoustic net is created by the transponders, which are dispersed throughout the ocean floor at known places.
The transducer transmits signals to the underwater transponders while installed on a ship, remotely driven vehicle, or towfish. Each transponder makes a distinctive sound in response.
The transducer detects these responses.Then, using basic algebra and elementary geometry, computers calculate the precise position of the ship or vehicle by calculating its distance from the beacons.
Using a technique known as triangulation, you may determine the position after you have the three distances from the three known spots.
The precise location where the three distances from the transponders cross is determined by computers. Large-area surveys benefit from LBL systems, particularly in deep oceans.
They generally have ranges of up to 5–10 kilometres and operate at frequencies of 8–15 kHz.
