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There are many strategies to either lessen the selection for antibiotic resistance or completely substitute the antibiotic when it is used to treat a basic bacterial illness. Each strategy has unique advantages and disadvantages, some of which have recently been highlighted and are further examined here.
Antibacterial natural chemicals or substances are the most effective alternatives to antibiotics. These comprise, among others, bacteriocins, predatory bacteria, and bacteriophages (phages).
Since they can target particular bacteria, these alternatives can be more effective than antibiotics at preventing the development of resistance in non targeted bacteria.
Replacers for antibiotics are being utilized more frequently in the treatment and prevention of bacterial pathogenic illnesses, as evidenced by the numerous clinical studies, academic studies, and commercially available medications discussed in the article.
The advancement of genetic engineering and proteomics opened the door to the creation of bacteriocin-based antibiotic replacements, particularly for harmful bacteria strains that are resistant to antibiotics. Bacteriophages offer a great deal of potential for application in place of antibiotic therapy.
Antibiotics are no longer as effective as they once were. A few bacteria, referred to as “superbugs,” have evolved through time and developed the ability to withstand the effects of the medications intended to eradicate them.
This process has been sped up by the excessive use of antibiotics by humans, animals, and plants as a whole.
The Global Antibiotics replacer market accounted for $XX Billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
Phytochemicals as replacements to antibiotics to encourage growth and improve host health.
In the upcoming years, the search for creative alternative substitutes to reduce antibiotic use in animal agriculture will intensify due to decreased antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) utilization and rising consumer worries about superbugs.
The Phytochemical Session examined the scientific data supporting the use of phytochemicals as effective antibiotic alternatives to promote animal growth performance in the production of poultry, swine, beef, and dairy products by stimulating innate immune cells, reducing oxidative stress,
maintaining gut integrity, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, and reducing the negative effects of inflammation brought on by enteric infections.
Phytochemicals are natural bioactive substances derived from plants and added to animal feed to increase productivity. They are also known as photobiotic or phytogenic.
The best antibiotic substitutes would enhance nutritional availability, ensure optimal animal performance, and share the same positive effects as AGPs. A feasible substitute ought to have a favorable effect on feed conversion and/or growth in light of the hypothesized mode of action of AGPs in influencing the gut flora and immunity.
Phytochemicals can be used in solid, dried, and ground form as well as extracts (crude or concentrated). Depending on the method used to obtain the active ingredients, they can also be categorized as essential oils (EOs; volatile lipophilic substances obtained by cold extraction or steam/alcohol distillation) and oleoresins (extracts derived by non-aqueous solvents).
The primary bioactive phytochemicals are polyphenols, and the composition and concentration of these compounds depend on the plant, the plant’s components, the region of origin, the season of harvest, environmental factors, storage conditions, and processing methods.
