Global Automotive LED Lighting Market 2024-2030

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    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET

     

    KEY FINDINGS

    1. LED headlamps are and will remain the biggest revenue-generating segment (~60%) in global automotive LED lighting market 
    2. Due to the simplicity in implementation of LEDs in design, and lower price compared to headlights, more OEMs have introduced LEDs in the tail lamps 
    3. Halogen is still the preferred technology for many car manufacturers in lower segment vehicles due to cost reasons, HID has declined rapidly in 2015-2020 timeframe on the back of growth in LEDs.
    4. In US, the high sales of SUVs and Pick-ups which are equipped with Halogen and HID headlights have led to comparatively low penetration of LEDs, these vehicles in the upcoming years are slowly expected to adopt LED in larger numbers   
    5. In Europe, the A and B segment vehicles in UK have adopted halogen lighting, thus bringing down the LED penetration in the region. LEDs had comparatively higher penetration in tail lamp segment than other regions
    6. China is world`s biggest LED lighting market, among the top 50 selling cars, LEDs penetration was 63.8%, the second highest for any major region in the world, tail map penetration was even higher at 77.6%
    7. India remains highly under-penetrated till now as many sub-components were outsourced from international vendors. But, the average B-2-B prices are expected to slightly decrease linearly in the coming years due to increase of LED penetration and in-house production of PCBs from top 3 auto lighting vendors
    8. The price variation from a conventional headlamp to LED headlamp ranges from 2x to 4x. It depends on the percentage of LED content in the headlamp. If those are full LEDs then the price may vary up to 4 times and in case of partial LED about 2-2.5 times
    9. High-range MPVs and SUVs have LEDs for various lighting purposes such as reading lamps, glove-box lamps, map lamps, trunk lamps and ambient lighting. An important growth driver for the market
    10. The price increase in the headlamp and tail lamp segment is limited to top 4 markets
    11. Asia accounts for ~50-55% of global lighting production followed by Europe
    12. Almost all lighting suppliers are facing the dual impact of declining revenue and increased R&D investment to meet next-gen headlamps requirements. Growing sales of high-value- add products like Adaptive driving beams/ Software based Matrix LEDs are profitability drivers
    13. Stanley Electric was the most profitable company in 2020 in terms of Operating margin i.e., ~14% followed by Koito at 12.2%
    14. STMicroelectronic announced the development of the ALED6000 single chip automotive LED driver with an integrated DC/DC converter. 
    15. HELLA launched a new set of lights for the automotive lighting market with products including S-series LED work lamps for commercial agricultural and construction vehicles.
    16. HELLA is also developing a new lighting system which will be equipped with several features such as communication to pedestrians to improve the safety and needs of the customers.
    17. Marelli Automotive Lighting has partnered with Samvardhana Motherson Automotive Systems Group to focus on the development of smart illuminated exterior body parts such as bumpers, and front grills along with other components of the vehicle that can be illuminated.
    18. Lumileds launched a new series of headlight bulbs and fog lights named LED X-tremeUltinon. They can be used to illuminate roads without reducing glare and creating uniform beam patterns.

     

    INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET

     

    The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in automobiles for lighting purposes such as headlights, tail lights, interior lighting, and other applications is referred to as automotive LED lighting. LEDs provide various advantages over traditional incandescent and halogen bulbs, including improved efficiency, a longer lifespan, and more precise light output control.

     

    For a variety of reasons, the importance of automobile LED lighting is growing. LED lighting is an important component in attaining these aims as consumers want more energy-efficient and ecologically friendly vehicles. LEDs use less energy to produce the same amount of light as traditional bulbs, which can assist to cut fuel usage and emissions.

     

    Info Graphic: vehicle led lighting market, automotive exterior led lighting market,led fog lamp market,vehicle led lighting market,automotive interior led lighting market

     

    LED illumination increases driving and passenger safety. LED headlights, for example, can give brighter and more focused illumination, improving visibility and lowering the chance of an accident. LED tail lights are also brighter and more visible than standard bulbs, which can help to avoid rear-end incidents.

     

    For aesthetic reasons, automotive LED lighting is becoming increasingly popular among automobile makers and buyers. LEDs provide greater design flexibility and can be used to produce distinctive and eye-catching lighting effects. This can make a car stand out from its competition and may also appeal to customers searching for a more elegant and sophisticated vehicle.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET SEGMENTATION

     

    Infographic : vehicle led lighting market, Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED headlight market

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET TRENDS

     

    1. In Europe, budget hatchbacks from Fiat, Renault and PSA cars had low penetration for LED lighting technology
    2. In the premium segment, all round(100%) LED lighting has become a trend now. Almost all OEMs have adopted LEDs, HID in frontal lighting is gradually being phased out and LED headlights have been the #1 trend since 2014
    3. In China, Top 20 selling premium cars are provided with LED (headlights, taillights, DRLs, and Ambient light) as standard 
    4. Premium cars like BMW ( X7, 7-series, X5 ), and Audi A8L are provided with laser headlights on top variants as standard and lower variants get it as an Option in China
    5. At present, LEDs usage on two-wheelers is primarily aimed at improving aesthetics, and styling and has less to do with improved luminance. So, we believe LEDs on two-wheelers are a premium product and offer immense value add to consumers.2020 has not been a good year for two-wheeler LED growth but post 2021, further growth in penetration is expected
    6. In US, custom LED headlights are available in the Freightliner`s medium-duty trucks as a factory-installed option on new Freightliner M2 models 106 and 112, as well as on Thomas Built C2 bus
    7. In the Electric vehicle segment, which sold 3.2 Million vehicles in 2019 and 2.2 Million units in 2019, LED lighting penetration was more than 40%. Tesla has 100% LED lighting on all vehicles
    8. Many suppliers are now investing in PCB tooling locally to reduce their cost and improve margins. Gross margin on LED lighting is substantially higher than halogen lighting
    9. In L4-L5 Autonomous vehicles, the LEDs can be embedded in various interior and exterior parts like doors, seats, glass etc, which will provide information on road environment to riders whose attention will be focused on all other activities except driving. 
    10. In Japan, top 30 selling vehicles are provided with LED (DRLs) as standard and 90% of the vehicles get LED fog lights as standard. 
    11. Due to its compact packaging, better vision, less components have made the OLED system suitable for Automotive tail lamps than any other segment lighting in the industry.
    12. China saw most of its upcoming premium models adopting the matrix design LED headlights, this trend is expected to be featured in further more top selling models in the coming years
    13. Surface-mount LEDs are smaller than leaded LEDs, making them excellent for applications with limited space. They’re also shock and vibration resistant, and they come in a variety of packages. LEDs nowadays are more efficient than conventional lighting or display options when properly thermally managed.
    14. Dashboard clusters are also being reimagined with vibrant LED hues and color-changing capabilities, which not only allow for customization but also provide drivers with a higher contrast option for better visibility. Optoelectronic components provide greater safety in addition to lighting and infotainment.
    15. For safety and security, infrared sensors are utilized to detect vehicle occupancy. They can also monitor drivers’ movements and issue a warning or take other action if they detect weariness of sleepiness behind the wheel.

     

    To know more trends from a supplier point of view, Please read our article Top 7 Automotive Lighting Trends

     

    Infographic : vehicle led lighting market, Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED headlight market

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

     

    SI No Timeline Company Developments
    1 2022 Toyota Gosei Co. Ltd Developed full color LED lamps that infuse vehicle interiors with colored light. The hue can be changed freely from among 64 colors to suit the user’s mood and respond in various other ways to individual preferences
    2 2022 LG Innotek  LG Innotek announced  that it had developed ‘Nexlide-E,’ an automotive lighting module that produces bright and uniform light.

     

    Nichia Corporation and Infineon Technologies AG together developed a high-definition (HD) light engine with over 16,000 micro-LEDs for headlamp applications. Both businesses are now introducing the industry’s first completely integrated micro-LED light engine for high-definition adaptive driving beam applications. In 2023, the micro-LED matrix solution will be shown in a German premium automobile.

     

    Nichia’s new 16,384 pixel PLSTM micro-Pixelated Light Solution is the company’s latest addition to its range of high-quality automotive lighting solutions.

     

    The PLS is the industry’s first fully integrated matrix LED driver capable of driving 16,384 LEDs. It combines the necessary micro-LED driver circuitry with thorough diagnostics and high-speed video and control interfaces.

     

    It combines high-definition quality with the strongest light output in the industry. This approach provides a four-times larger field-of-view with much higher light output than any other contemporary micro-mirror based HD matrix-light solution, enabling a unique automotive lighting experience.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET BY SUPPLIER

     

    Koito– The global market leader has integrated LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors into headlamps and rear combination lamps. The smart all-round lighting helps detect pedestrians and traffic from all angles, further improving safety. It has also developed a similar ADAS integrated headlamp solution for two-wheelers

    • In Jan 2020, Koito exhibited “Dual View Machine Vision”, “BladeScan ADB”, “Smart Sensor” and “Communication Lamps” in CES2020 held in Las Vegas
    • In Sep 2019, it announced that it had commercialized Bladscan ADB. The Bladescan ADB emits LED light to 2 fast-revolving blade mirrors (reflectors) and lights forward vision by using the residual image effect. It will be fitted on a Lexus RX. Lexus was also the first customer of Koito`s first mass produced LED headlights in 2007.

     

    HellaIn June 2021, the company launched a new set of lights for the automotive lighting market with products including S-series LED work lamps for commercial agricultural and construction vehicles.

    • In June 2021, the company launched a new full-LED rear lamp 24 V for trucks and trailers. The technology incorporates a light curtain which creates the tail light of the full-LED rear lamp.
    • In January 2021, the company developed a new advanced software based matrix LED headlamp system which will enable comfort and safety functions such as adaptive, glare-free high beam.
    •  In Nov 2020, after receiving important orders from premium car manufacturers Hella is improving its presence in car body lighting
    • In June 2020, HELLA and the MINTH Group agreed to establish a joint venture. The company HELLA MINTH Jiaxing Automotive Parts Co. Ltd. is to promote the development, production and marketing of radomes and illuminated logos
    • In Nov 2019, the European leader in premium LED light manufacturing announced a new lighting system with high resolution.  More than 30,000 pixels can be controlled intelligently and individually
    • The company is also developing a new lighting system which will be equipped with several features such as communication to pedestrians to improve the safety and needs of the customers.

     

    Osram-Continental– In July 2019, the JV showcased powerful laser LED headlight system with more than 4,000 individually controllable pixels 

     

    Stanley Electric Co LtdIn Sep 2020, Stanley established a production system that includes UVC LED production starting from semiconductor substrate growth to LED packaging. At 265 nm, these UVC LEDs offer the world’s highest level of sterilization performance

     

    infographic: Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED Lighting Market Size, Automotive LED Lighting Market Trends, Automotive LED Lighting Market Forecast, Automotive LED Lighting Market Risks, Automotive LED Lighting Market Report, Automotive LED Lighting Market Share

     

    SamsungIn April 2021, announced the launch of the new Pixcell LED which is an advanced automotive LED module used in smart headlights.

     

    Lumiledsin April 2021, launched a new series of headlight bulbs and fog lights named LED X-tremeUltinon. They can be used to illuminate roads without reducing glare and creating uniform beam patterns.

     

    Osramin July 2020, the company launched a new series of PrevaLED Brick HP 2×2 module which can be incorporated as outdoor, industrial as well as street lighting.

    • In July 2021, the company developed a new 300 W LED driver that will extend the power spectrum of the OTi DALI series family. The driver has extra-long service life with operating hours of over 100,000 and current output range of 250-1550 mA.

     

    ZKWin August 2021, the company announced the development of a micromirror technology to be incorporated in modules for dynamic lighting. The company has partnered with Silicon Austrian labs, EV Group, TDK Electronics and Evatec.

    • In May 2021, the company announced the development of a high precision adaptive high beam for automobiles with the Israeli startup Newsight Imaging, which was acquired by the company. The new system incorporates an integrated module for glare-free high beam that will be built in the headlight. The control signals for the adaptive light will be provided by a light-sensitive sensor that will be integrated in the senseZ unit.

     

    Hyundai Mobisthe company developed a new lighting and moving grile technology. The lighting grille implements an LED lighting function in the front grille of the vehicle and the moving grille incorporates a new integral active air flap technology. The technology will be put in production from the year 2022.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET BY OEM

     

    • The new generation of Volkswagen Golf Alltrack uses five-point LED fog lights
    • Nissan in its newly introduced logo, has used 20 LEDs to lit up the logo unveiled in July 2020. Nissan’s all Electric Crossover Ariya will be the first vehicle to feature the new logo
    • Chery’s upcoming model Tiggo 8 Plus, is equipped with all LED headlights. The light group integrates LED crystal headlights, double-blade high-bright daytime running lights, and running water turn signals
    • WEY’s upcoming vehicle Tank 300 was unveiled with full LED round headlights and horizontal DRLs running along these headlights
    • The Ford Motor Company is introducing the new Bronco 4-door and Bronco Sport with HELLA’s modular lighting system with bi-functional projector module. The first round of the headlamps are already in production at HELLA’s manufacturing plant in Mexico.
    • The new Polestar 2 consists of lighting and electronic components from HELLA. The company has supplied a highly integrated and continuous rear combination lamp for the new vehicle model consisting of a narrow light band of almost 300 LEDs.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET SIZE AND FORECAST

     

    In China, where 1,825 vehicle models are on sale as of Sep 2020, HID frontal lighting is now offered only on 45 models as compared to 400+ just 2 years ago. LED frontal lighting has grown by more than 25% in 2017-2019 period.

    Infographic : vehicle led lighting market, Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED headlight market

     

    LEDs are priced at 3x-4X higher than conventional halogen-based lighting. Although LEDs are growing at a faster rate, majority of the automotive lighting is still halogen-based in emerging markets due to cost reasons.

     

    The automotive LED lighting market will be a ~$20 Billion opportunity by 2025. Growth in market value will be slightly higher than market volume because of consistent innovation in headlamp technology and adoption of OLED in top 3 markets.

     

    The price increase in the headlamp and tail lamp segment is limited to the top 4 markets, and in regions like India and Latin America, the low penetration of latest technology will bring down the price thus reducing the market value slightly.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET REGIONAL TRENDS

     

    In Europe automotive lighting market, PSA group is the second biggest player. Peugeot 208 was the top-selling model in 2019 and the car was equipped with LED headlamps and tail lamps. All of Peugeot top selling vehicles 3008, 2008, and 308 were equipped with LED tail lamps Citroen`s most sold vehicles such as C3 and C1 were only fitted with halogen headlamps, but were equipped with LED tail lamps.

     

    The European Union recently announced new guidelines to be implemented on all light sources and control gears under the ecodesign requirements. The new requirements underlay efficiency guidelines for LED control gear regarding energy efficiency and certain quality standards.

     

    In China automotive lighting market, China had 19% penetration LED fog lights in 2019 and it is estimated to reach 32-35% by 2025. Among top selling models in the country, Chinese OEMs like BAIC, Changan and Great Wall Motors had a sizable penetration of LED lighting in their models, whereas the SAIC group had a comparatively lower penetration of LED lighting in its models.

     

    HELLA has announced plans to implement a new business strategy named ‘In China, For China’, according to which the company is trying to innovate its product portfolio aligned with the local market requirements. For instance, the company has doubled the production capacity at the Shanghai manufacturing unit.

     

    The company established a new joint venture with MINTH to develop and manufacture radomes and illuminated logos in China.

     

    In US automotive lighting market, LED cargo lamps and Security approach lamps saw a penetration of 11.1% and 21% among top-selling models contributing to the high volume and average B-2-B prices in the country.The country also witnessed a 5.5% penetration of HID headlamps among top-selling vehicles, mostly high-performance SUVs and pickups.

     

    In Japan Automotive lighting market, among the top sellers in 2020 combination LED tail lamp penetration was 46.5%- the highest for any region. Japan also had the highest penetration of LED headlamps and tail lamps than any other region in the world.

     

    In India automotive lighting market, 2020 witnessed annual sales of more than 2.9 million passenger vehicles, and LED penetration was under 50% for both front and rear lighting. Maruti Suzuki Swift, Baleno, and HMSI Activa 5G are the top three best-selling vehicles in India fitted with LED lights. Tata Motors has adopted LEDs in tail and indicator lighting in Tigor, Nexon, Hexa, and Harrier.

     

    OE-SUPPLIER ALIGNMENT IN AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET

     

    SI No Timeline Company Developments
    1 2021 Instrument Systems Instrument Systems presents a newly developed system for ultra-fast testing a wide range of lighting scenarios for advanced headlamps, e.g. HD / ADB / matrix / pixel headlamps
    2 2022 Faraday Future Intelligent  Faraday Future Intelligent Electric Inc., a California-based global shared intelligent electric mobility ecosystem company, today announced HSL as the lead exterior lighting supplier for its flagship, ultimate intelligent techluxury FF 91 EV
    3 2021 Nexperia Nexperia, the expert in essential semiconductors, today announced a new range of LED drivers in the space-saving DFN2020D-6 (SOT1118D) package. This case style features side-wettable flanks (SWF) which facilitate the use of AOI (automated optical inspection), and improve reliability

     

     

    Koito and Stanley are the leading lighting suppliers in passenger LED market supplying to top two Japanese OEMs. In 2019, Varroc was awarded its first project from Hyundai in Turkey, to work on “Garnish Lamp” on “i20” vehicle. And in June 2020, they were awarded with second project on Hyundai Accent in Turkey and now Varroc is trying to be Hyundai’s global partner.

     

    Infographic : vehicle led lighting market, Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED headlight market

     

    Hella`s first customer order from a German premium manufacturer for large-scale production has already been acquired. Large-scale production for SSL HD technology will start in 2022 following successful acquisition.

     

     By the end of 2021 the major projects with Geely, SAIC, BYD and Changan in China will start generating revenue for Varroc.

     

    Osram acquired a UK-based aftermarket automotive supplier, Ring Automotive in order to expand its portfolio in the automotive sector. The acquisition is set to increase the additional sales of the company and implement a strong distribution system for the products as well as expand the market.

     

    The company HELLA and Faurecia, an automotive supplier based in France signed an agreement where Faurecia will acquire 60% stake of HELLA. 

     

    The company Marelli Automotive Lighting has partnered with Samvardhana Motherson Automotive Systems Group which is one of the largest manufacturers of the exterior and interior components for the automotive industry. The partnership will be focused on the smart illuminated exterior body parts such as bumpers, front grills along with other components of the vehicle that can be illuminated.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET SHARE

     

    SI No Timeline Company Developments
    1 2022 Faurecia

     

    The lighting and electronics specialist HELLA and French automotive supplier Faurecia signed an agreement on the combination of the two companies. As part of the transaction, Faurecia will acquire the 60 percent stake held by HELLA pool shareholders.
    2 2022 ISELED Alliance The ISELED Alliance aims to create a comprehensive ecosystem around ISELED technology. Expanding the originally ISELED protocol with the development of the ILaS bus concept (ISELED Light and Sensor network).

     

    There are 15 major tier-1 automotive LED lighting suppliers, globally and we have profiled the top 14. Koito, Valeo and Hella are the top three players in automotive LED lighting market globally accounting for ~50%+ market share, cumulatively.

     

    In China market, Shanghai Koito is the market leader with more than 25% market share. In US market, Koito`s North American Lighting is the market leader with more than $1.6 Billion in FY 2018 annual revenue. In addition to commencing operations at Malaysia in November 2019, KOITO has expanded plant in Koito Czech in May 2020.

     

    Koito`s net sales in Q1 of FY2021 dropped by 45% Y-o-Y, due to the significant decrease in sales in mainstay automotive lighting equipment segment caused by a decrease in the automobile production volume.

     

    Valeo is the leading LED lighting supplier to many European OEMs

     

    The global automotive LED lighting market is extremely consolidated at present (top 3 suppliers have 50%+ cumulative market share). But, we expect the market to open up in coming years on account of many new entrants.

     

    The EBITDA margins for auto LED lighting suppliers is ~8-12% in 2019 but on account of growing LED penetration it is expected to grow by 120-150 basis points by 2025.

    Infographic : vehicle led lighting market, Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED headlight market

     

    Stanley`s five R&D bases, including the Research & Development Laboratory in Yokohama are engaged in technological development in view of future trends.

     

    The ZKW Group suplies to the automotive industry all over the world. Its major locations are Austria, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, as well as in China, India, the USA, Korea and Mexico. To cater to the future demands of the automotive industry, ZKW is expanding its expertise in electronics and in development and testing technology.

     

    Varroc is among the very few India based global suppliers for automotive components, especially lighting. In July 2020, Varroc Lighting Systems received 2 awards from GM one for its Mexico facility and the other Pune facility.It also strengthened the footprint in exterior automotive lighting space through expansion of Varroc Lighting Systems in Japan.

     

    In April 2020, Lumax announced that the LED lighting contributed for 34% of the total revenue and the conventional type occupying 66% in FY2020

     

    Others including Magneti Marelli, OSRAM, Ichikoh, Lumax and other regional suppliers combine to account for XX% share

     

    The penetration of LEDs by different automakers is represented below:  

     

    Infographic : vehicle led lighting market, Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED headlight market

     

    ABOUT SUPPLIERS IN AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET

     

    Koito- A leading provider of LED lighting to many Toyota platforms reported an increase in earnings through Q3-2019 in China due to increase in LED penetration despite ~8% decline in auto production. From a financial standpoint, the global market leader is facing higher R&D expenses in-order to meet next gen lighting on upcoming vehicles.

     

    Hella– A leading LED lighting supplier to all Premium European OEMs and GM in North America, derives ~25% of its global revenues from Germany and ~60% from Europe. In Aug 2021, Faurecia acquired a majority stake in Hella. Combined together the new entity will be the world’s 7th biggest auto component supplier.

     

    The company has also developed an innovative chip-based headlamp matrix system which uses solid state lighting with high definition (SSL HD) and has already received production orders. The technology is being used in all-electric SUVs produced by different automakers and German automobile manufacturers.

     

    Valeo– Among the top 3 players in Automotive lighting globally and has a substantial market share in Europe Automotive lighting market

    Valeo recently released the financial reports for the first half of the year 2021 with sales worth EUR 8,994 million which was a 27% increase as compared to the first half of the year 2020 which recorded EUR 7,058 million.

     

    Varroc Lighting System– India based Varroc group acquired Visteon`s lighting business in 2012 and has now grown the business to a significant size. It is also the LED lighting supplier to Tesla

     

    OSRAM-CONTINENTAL–  The 50-50 joint venture was created in 2018 to supply semiconductor based lighting modules and lighting control units for front as well as rear application, globally.

     

    Hyundai- Mobis-  The wholly owned subsidiary of Hyundai Motors, supplies LED lighting to Hyundai-KIA vehicles in all major markets except India, where Lumax is the exclusive supplier

     

    Lumax– The market leader of India automotive LED lighting market with more than 45% market share is now extensively investing in developing PCBs in-house.

     

    Fiem Industries– The India based company is among the top 5 players in two-wheeler segment. In Aug 2021, the company announced that it will be supplying all LED lighting to Ola electric scooter.

     

    OSRAM – The company recently released the financial report for the first half of t

    he year 2021 with revenue for the automotive segment worth EUR 934 million which was an increase of 5.5% from the EUR 911 million recorded in the year 2020. The semiconductor segment reported revenue worth EUR 750 million in the year 2021 during the first half which was a comparable 9% increase from the revenue of last year for the same half which was EUR 721 million.

     

    ZKW – the company announced the Dragonfly research and development project which will integrate optical sensors into the headlights of a test vehicle to enable the automated driving functions. The system will now be expanded with LIDAR systems to measure optical distance and for speed measurement.

     

    Philips – One of the top manufacturers of automotive LED lighting solutions, Philips Automotive Lighting provides a variety of goods for cars, including interior lighting, fog lights, and LED headlights. They have a reputation for producing high-quality goods and cutting-edge lighting technology.

     

    With more than 125 years of experience in the lighting business, Philips has a solid reputation for creating dependable and effective lighting solutions. Better visibility, safety, and energy efficiency are all features of their automobile LED lighting equipment.

     

    Magneti Marelli – Leading global automotive supplier Magneti Marelli provides a variety of goods and services to the industry’s car makers. They are well-known in the LED lighting market and offer cutting-edge, premium lighting options for a range of vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, and commercial vehicles.

     

    Magneti Marelli sells LED modules, signal lamps, adaptive lighting systems, as well as headlights, taillights, and interior lighting. As a result of the company’s strong emphasis on innovation, sustainability, and customer happiness, they have been able to keep their top spot in the automotive sector.

     

    infographic: Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED Lighting Market Size, Automotive LED Lighting Market Trends, Automotive LED Lighting Market Forecast, Automotive LED Lighting Market Risks, Automotive LED Lighting Market Report, Automotive LED Lighting Market Share

     

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET RECENT LAUNCH

     

    Osram has launched the LEDriving HL Premium Lamps in India. This LED Lamp helps the driver to see clearly because of the white lights and beam patterns present in it. It enhances the quality of the light with bright and proper view which makes it easy for the driver to react to the hazards.

     

    As a replacement for its earlier generations of LED headlights, Philips introduced the X-tremeUltinon LED gen2. This product has a longer lifespan than earlier LED headlight models and is made to deliver light that is up to 250% brighter than that of regular halogen bulbs.

     

    The SafeBeam technology from Philips is incorporated into the X-tremeUltinon LED gen2 and offers a precise beam pattern that maximises visibility without dazzling other road users. Moreover, it has a colour temperature of 6,500 Kelvin, which is comparable to daylight and helps ease eye strain and enhance driving comfort.

     

    Also, most vehicle types are compatible with the Philips X-tremeUltinon LED gen2 and installation is simple. In the long run, it can help save money on maintenance and fuel expenditures thanks to its extended lifespan and energy efficiency.

     

    The XB LED headlights from Morimoto were created expressly to provide the advantages of LED lighting while keeping the appearance of conventional halogen bulbs. The XB LED headlights resemble traditional halogen headlights in appearance thanks to their clear glass and black housing.

     

    The XB LED headlights, in contrast to halogen headlights, have a number of advantages despite their conventional appearance. Compared to halogen lamps, they are more energy-efficient, brighter, and last longer. In addition, they provide a brighter, more white light, which helps increase visibility and safety when driving.

     

    Installing the Morimoto XB LED headlights is simple for people with rudimentary mechanical knowledge because they are made to be a direct replacement for factory halogen headlights.

     

    The company provides a variety of customization choices, including various colour temperatures and beam patterns, to meet the requirements of individual drivers. They are accessible for a wide range of automobiles.

     

    In general, people who wish to improve their vehicle’s lighting without giving up the traditional design of their headlights frequently choose the Morimoto XB LED headlights.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET RECENT PARTNERSHIP AND ACQUISITION

     

    Lumium Lighting has been acquired by Ecosense®, a rapidly expanding LED technology firm. Lumium Lighting is a privately held lighting firm situated in California that specialises in architectural linear lighting design and development.

     

    Ecosense and Lumium are similar in terms of values, development, and innovation. This acquisition allows Ecosense to increase its architectural linear market presence, which, when combined with the company’s other products, will let Ecosense to fully compete in the tier one, general office sector.

     

    Lumium’s specifier-grade product portfolio complements our brand beautifully. Ecosense is a corporation that specialises in LED technology.

     

    We serve a creative class of artists and designers and have been lucky to light the most sought venues on earth, as recognised by Red Dot for innovation and design, as well as Inc. 500 and Deloitte Technology Fast 500 for continuously making their fastest growing firms lists.

     

    Ecosense aspires to revolutionise how the world perceives and interacts with artificial light by inventing, inspiring, and reshaping it. Lumium is a lighting firm that is inspired by creativity, motivated by innovation, and dedicated to developing visually attractive and high-performing light fixtures.

     

    Lumium is driven to provide attractively designed and constructed linear lighting fixtures, believing that form and function can be combined to create efficient works of architectural art.

     

    J.W. Speaker is the newest LED lighting partner of UK Automotive Products (UKAP), a prominent automotive LED lighting provider for commercial vehicles.

     

    This new collaboration will give UKAP customers access to J.W. Speaker’s extensive portfolio of LED lighting solutions, including signal, combination, work, warning, and forward lighting for autobody builders, custom vehicle modification, and factories for commercial vehicles, cars, and motorcycles.

     

    Equipment supplier Faurecia has purchased Scottish LED lighting technology company designLED Products. The Livingston-based firm claims to have created innovative, adaptable technology that is suitable for a wide range of vehicle lighting and human machine interface (HMI) applications.

     

    The completion of the designLED agreement is a significant and exciting step forward in the company’s evolution. In recent years, designLED has established itself as a leader in automotive lighting and HMI innovation, thanks to a highly talented and energetic staff that is already delivering breakthrough lighting solutions to international OEM and Tier 1 clients.

     

    With Faurecia’s global reach, multinational client base, and world-class engineering and manufacturing expertise, the designLED team will be able to expedite adoption of distinctive display and back-lighting technology in the future.

     

    The innovative technologies and team of designLED will strengthen Faurecia’s display technologies ecosystem, according to Faurecia Clarion Electronics. Immersive experiences are quickly becoming a defining component in mobility, and Faurecia hopes to improve its unique position in cockpit user experiences by acquiring designLED.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET RECENT TRENDS

     

    Laser Light : Nearly at the same time that the first series-production cars with laser headlights, the BMW i8 and Audi R8 LMX were introduced. The groundbreaking laser light technology was developed with significant assistance from OSRAM. 

     

    µAFS LED headlights: A smart, high-resolution headlamp that already continuously analyses driving and weather circumstances has been developed during the previous three years of research. This adds a new level to adaptive front lighting.

     

    The creation of the framework for intelligent, high-resolution LED headlights has been successfully finished by OSRAM, acting as both the general manager and a member of a research alliance.

     

    LED-powered bend lighting headlamps: A completely new technological level in the future. Up to this point, moving individual headlamp components or the entire headlight required mechanical assemblies. This has passed into oblivion. Innovations like Advanced Forward Lighting Systems (AFS) are now much easier to adopt because to LED technology.

     

    OLED lighting: Compared to conventional LED lighting, OLED taillights on the BMW M4 GT3 race car offer a broader variety of illumination shapes and patterns.

     

    New design alternatives for light sources are now available thanks to OLED technology. Customers in the automobile industry are currently showing tremendous interest in the R2D2 project, which includes OSRAM.

     

    Smart Lighting : With the help of LED projectors, Mercedes-Benz’s “Digital Light” system projects information onto the road ahead, such as alerts about potential risks or navigational instructions.

     

    COVID IMPACT ON AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET

     

    Post lockdowns implemented to contain COVID in 2020, all lighting companies faced challenges relating to availability of raw material and labour. Almost all companies took steps to reduce the fixed cost base through various measures.

     

    Lighting companies prioritized securing and preserving cash until the operations stabilized completely and the visibility on overall auto production improved. As per industry executives, as of Dec 2020, the demand indications from the OEMs for the short term was encouraging, but there was a big question mark on the sustainability of the demand.

     

    There was a reduction on CapEx spend for FY 2021 to about 30-50% of average annual CapEx spend in the last 2-3 years.

     

    China continued to be the bright spot for all lighting suppliers where overall passenger car volumes settled at just ~8-10% decline YOY which was a massive relief to all lighting suppliers.

     

    The outbreak has also disrupted the supply chain operations globally as well as the vehicle sales. With the suspension of production activities, the lighting market has also suffered a downfall with low demand and no new investments.

     

    The investments for the research and development of this sector has been delegated to be used in other departments with greater needs. Although the decline in the automotive sector as a whole has impacted the lighting market, several companies are taking measures to control the negative effects of the outbreak.

     

    In the year 2020, Valeo managed the operating costs across all its production units by implementing part-time working schedules. The company also reduced major investments and expenses that were directed towards non-essential businesses.

     

    The company Continental AG has also been decreasing the expenses and investments to explore other measures for more important activities. The company during March of 2020  temporarily closed the activities at more than 40% of its 249 production units across the globe initially for a few days which was later extended for 5-6 weeks due to the severity of the pandemic.

     

    The global semiconductor chip shortage has triggered distress in companies across the globe struggling to meet the demand requirements especially in the automotive sector and automotive component manufacturing sectors.

     

    The shortage is mainly due to the restrictions that were put in during the pandemic in China and Taiwan as they are the major shareholders in this market. As these chips can’t be stacked in warehouses due to changing technology and innovations, companies do not store large inventories of electronic components and chips. 

     

    infographic: Automotive LED Lighting Market, Automotive LED Lighting Market Size, Automotive LED Lighting Market Trends, Automotive LED Lighting Market Forecast, Automotive LED Lighting Market Risks, Automotive LED Lighting Market Report, Automotive LED Lighting Market Share

     

    Chip shortage has also affected the LED producing market gravely as they are more efficient than halogen lights with greater demand. However, as the market recovers, the demand for vehicles is increasing and automotive LED system manufacturers are constantly innovating.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION

     

    Inventronics produces a variety of LED drivers under the EUD Series brand. These drivers are made to offer effective and dependable power solutions for applications using LED lights. The EUD Series drivers are becoming more and more well-liked in the lighting business because to their cutting-edge features and premium build.

     

    The high performance and versatility of the EUD Series drivers are well known. They are appropriate for usage in numerous geographical regions because of their large input voltage range, which is commonly between 90 and 305 volts AC.

     

    The drivers can function dependably even in locations with variable or unpredictable power supplies because to the wide input voltage range.

     

    The EUD Series drivers’ high power factor (PF) and low total harmonic distortion (THD) are two of their distinguishing qualities. The efficiency of power utilization is measured by a statistic called power factor, and the EUD Series drivers have a power factor of over 0.9, which indicates great energy efficiency.

     

    As a result of the drivers’ low THD levels, there is less chance of interference with other electrical equipment because they generate clean, consistent power.

     

    A wide variety of LED lighting applications are made possible by the EUD Series drivers’ available power options, which range from 35 watts to 80 watts. There is a driver in the EUD Series that is appropriate for various lighting requirements, whether they be for domestic lights, commercial installations, or industrial situations.

     

    The connected LED fixtures will receive a steady current output from these drivers.For the LEDs to work at their best and last the longest, constant current operation guarantees that they receive a constant and stable current.

     

    To manage the brightness and dimming capabilities of the LED lighting systems, the output currents of the EUD Series drivers can be changed using integrated potentiometers or programmable dimming options.

     

    The EUD Series drivers provide complete protections to ensure the security and endurance of the LED lighting system in terms of protection features.

     

    They integrate a variety of safety features, including short-circuit, over-voltage, and over-temperature protection. These safeguards ensure the lighting system will be reliable and last longer by preventing damage to the drivers and linked LEDs in the event of unusual operating conditions.

     

    Additionally, the EUD Series drivers have a strong and portable design. They are often kept inside sturdy metal enclosures that offer efficient heat dissipation and defense against the elements.

     

    The drivers can survive difficult operating conditions, such as high ambient temperatures, because they are made to function across a wide temperature range.

     

    The EUD Series drivers comply with a number of international safety and performance criteria in terms of certifications and compliance. They frequently hold certifications from reputable agencies like UL, CE, and RoHS, guaranteeing they adhere to the standards for quality and safety needed for installation in various parts of the world.

     

    For applications requiring reliable and effective power, Inventronics’ EUD Series LED drivers are available. They offer the required power supply for LED systems while maintaining energy economy and system longevity because to their wide input voltage range, high power factor, and extensive protection features.

     

    Schneider Electric’s “Cooling Optimize” is a comprehensive and cutting-edge liquid cooling system made especially for data centers. Cooling Optimize provides a dependable and efficient cooling infrastructure that maximizes energy efficiency and reduces operational costs in response to the rising demand for high-performance computing and the requirement to effectively regulate heat dissipation.

     

    To offer the best cooling for data center equipment, the Cooling Optimize system consists of numerous parts that work together in harmony. Liquid cooling modules (LCMs), which are strategically included into server racks, are the system’s fundamental component. It is the duty of these LCMs to remove heat from the servers and transport it to a cooling medium, often a liquid coolant.

     

    The capability of Cooling Optimize to offer direct-to-chip cooling is one of its main benefits. To ensure effective heat removal at the source, the LCMs are made to supply liquid coolant directly to the hot places within servers.

     

    This kind of targeted cooling enhances the overall performance and dependability of the IT equipment while assisting in the prevention of thermal throttling. Schneider Electric uses coolant distribution units (CDUs) to effectively disperse the coolant throughout the data center.

     

    These CDUs serve as the main node for managing coolant, ensuring that the flow, pressure, and temperature are all maintained. Cooling Optimize is a flexible solution for both new and retrofit data centers because they enable simple integration with existing cooling infrastructure. Energy conservation was considered when creating Cooling Optimize.

     

    The system lessens its reliance on conventional air cooling techniques, which frequently use a lot of energy. Instead, it uses liquid cooling. Due to its greater heat capacity and improved ability to transmit heat, liquid cooling is naturally more effective.

     

    For data centers implementing Cooling Optimize, this efficiency translates into lower power consumption and a smaller carbon footprint. The modularity and scalability of Cooling Optimize are further noteworthy qualities.

     

    Numerous sizes and densities of data centers can be accommodated by the system. Data center operators may scale their infrastructure without sacrificing cooling efficiency since it is easily expanded or changed to meet unique cooling needs.

     

    For Cooling Optimize, Schneider Electric offers complete management and control tools to guarantee seamless integration and effective operation.

     

    By integrating the system with data center infrastructure management (DCIM) software, cooling parameters may be monitored, analyzed, and controlled in real time.

     

    With this degree of information, operators are better equipped to maximize cooling performance, respond quickly to problems, and take wise decisions to increase data center efficiency.

     

    Additionally, Cooling Optimize includes automated and intelligent controls. The system continuously monitors server and environmental parameters using sensors and algorithms.

     

    With the help of this data-driven methodology, cooling parameters, such as flow rates and fan speeds, may be dynamically adjusted to meet the real cooling needs of the data center.

     

    Cooling Optimize increases operational efficiency by optimizing energy use and reducing waste by adjusting cooling resources in real-time. With Cooling Optimize, Schneider Electric puts an emphasis on dependability and ease of maintenance. The system is built with redundant parts and fail-safe measures to assure continuous operation and high availability.

     

    Routine maintenance activities are also simplified and uncomplicated, minimizing operational disruptions and downtime, such as component replacement and coolant refills.

     

    Schneider Electric’s Cooling Optimize is a complete liquid cooling solution specifically designed for data centers. Data center operators looking for efficient and dependable cooling infrastructure will find it to be an appealing option thanks to its direct-to-chip cooling technique, energy efficiency, adaptability, and intelligent controls.

     

    Cooling Optimize increases the functionality, durability, and sustainability of data centers while lowering operating expenses by utilizing liquid cooling technology.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET NEW TECHNOLOGY

     

    Matrix LED Headlights Will Become the Development Trend in the Automotive Industry.LED offers the benefits of energy conservation and extended service life, and it is extensively utilised in different tiny bulbs in automotive interiors.

     

    LEDs have been utilised in numerous lighting on the exterior of vehicles since the introduction of high-brightness LEDs. This post will walk you through the headlamp development process and the Arrow LED headlight solution.

     

    Headlight design evolution:Kerosene lamps were originally employed for lighting since the invention of the vehicle. The headlamp design was just better than nothing. The so-called headlights were essentially kerosene lamps hanging on the car and served no use.

     

    Because of their poor luminous output, kerosene lights were swiftly supplanted by acetylene lamps as the times changed. With the advancement of electric lamps and the increase of bulb endurance, acetylene lamps and its flaws gradually faded off the stage of lamp history, to be replaced by progressively mature incandescent lamps.

     

    However, incandescent bulbs often don’t have a lot of light output, so more energy-efficient halogen lamps emerged and gradually took over as the standard for car headlights. However, Hella, a reputable lamp manufacturer, introduced xenon lamps with higher brightness to the market in the 1990s.

     

    Hella improved the tungsten filament luminous principle developed by Edison and filled the quartz tubes with high-pressure inert gas to replace the traditional filament, making xenon lamps the first choice for high-brightness headlights.

     

    Xenon headlights were replaced with LED headlights, which are now not very common. Although LED headlights were a common feature of concept cars, they have only recently been used in actual vehicles because of issues with technology, cost, and legislation.

     

    At the moment, halogen, xenon, and newly developed LED headlights are the most often utilised headlights. Halogen lights, for example, are typically found in low-end automobiles and have drawbacks including low luminous efficiency, high heat production, and relatively low brightness, making it challenging to fulfil the demands of contemporary car customers.

     

    In addition, halogen lamps have a rather limited lifespan. A halogen bulb can have a service life of up to 1,000 hours under typical conditions. In addition, the only shape that halogen lights can be constructed into is double round lamps due to their rigid look.

     

    The standard headlight used in high-end automobiles today is the xenon bulb with greater brightness. However, xenon lamps can distract the drivers of cars travelling in the other way due to inadequate light concentration and an excessively high brightness, leading to accidents.

     

    Additionally, they have low light penetration. The penetration of xenon headlights in foggy, icy, and snowy conditions is relatively low. The delay effect, which results from the way xenon headlights operate, is one of the most catastrophic flaws in xenon lamps.

     

    A xenon lamp needs 2 to 4 seconds to start. The headlights must be used to “dazzle” the drivers of cars moving in the other direction because the horn is sometimes useless at high speeds. However, depending solely on xenon headlights will make an emergency situation worse.

     

    The advantage of the newly developed LED light is its extremely high luminous efficiency. LED lights are also known as cold light sources since they use LEDs to immediately transform electrical energy into light energy.

     

    Their operating range is typically 50 to 70 °C, and they use only around one-tenth as much energy as regular car lights. As a result, they may more effectively lower oil consumption and safeguard the automobile circuit from being damaged by an excessively high load current.

     

    Additionally, the brightness of LED lighting is comparable to that of xenon lamps. Additionally, they consistently save energy and are generally ecologically beneficial. 

     

    Its light’s spectrum excludes ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths. Additionally, since a headlamp is made up of many LEDs, there are various alternatives for designing its form, which may be both cool and attractive.

     

    Additionally, it has a very long service life of up to 50,000 hours and a wide colour temperature range that extends from high colour temperature to fog lamp. It can instantly light up because of its quick reaction time, making it the most promising headlamp technology available.

     

    Car accidents are primarily caused by nighttime visual impairment:One of a car’s most crucial components is its headlights, which account for around 40% of all collisions due to improper headlamp use. About 60% of automobile accidents worldwide, according to unreliable figures, take place at night.

     

    In 2013, 50,000 people died in driving accidents in China, which made up nearly 50% of all fatalities in traffic accidents. The death toll among them represented more than half of the total from 7 pm to 6 am the following day. It is clear that nighttime vision problems are the primary factor in road accidents.

     

    The influence of vehicle illumination on safe driving is one of the reasons why there were so many automobile accidents at night, in addition to human issues like reckless driving.

     

    About 22% of traffic incidents took place in low visibility, which means that many accidents were brought on by the narrow width and distance of car illumination, inadequate lighting, and drivers’ inability to effectively see and stop and avoid hazards in front of them while driving.

     

    As a result, the adoption of high-brightness adaptive driving beam (ADB) matrix LED headlights with automated light kinds that vary in line with traffic situations has emerged as the current development trend for automobile headlights.

     

    Adaptive headlights provide intelligent illumination:Smart high-beam control systems, such as ADB headlights, may modify the high-beam type in response to the state of the road.

     

    Through specialised optical modules and electronic control, it transforms a full high-beam spot into a high-beam spot made up of several optical illumination zones.

     

    The control system, which is made up of sensors (cameras) and drive circuits, will cut off or lower some high-beam lighting zones when targets like cars and people cross the road. This prevents the lit targets from being dazzled and ensures clear high-beam illumination.

     

    Additionally, based on the driver’s conditions, the surroundings, and the conditions of other cars on the road, the ADB system can automatically switch on or off the high beam for the driver. While the automobile is steering, the ADB system may simultaneously modify and alter the direction of the light in combination with the vehicle’s control system, making light control more practical and comfortable.

     

    To adapt to the demands of more complicated road circumstances, it can even select different light modes, including town mode, rural road mode, high-speed mode, curve mode, etc.

     

    Outstanding matrix headlight remedy:Arrow has developed a matrix headlight solution, of which the entire software and hardware design will be finished in 2020 and the ADB control will be reached in 2021 (via cooperation with Arrow’s IDH).

     

    This solution was introduced to speed up the customer development of the ADB system. Boost/buck output voltage is set by software, with body control module (BCM) and interconnection through a CAN interface, supporting segment and matrix switching, for thorough system diagnosis and LED string protection, as well as optimised EMI performance.

     

    Up to 60 LED controls are currently supported, with DC 9V to 18V input, up to 60W output, using 5 strings x 12 LEDs, up to 1.5 A per channel, efficiency greater than 82%@1A, and boost/buck output voltage set by software.

     

    In order to further develop the market, Arrow has integrated six sets of demonstration systems that may be used for initial customer evaluation. In the first quarter of 2021, the company plans to produce another thirty sets.

     

    NXP’s MCU (FS32K144HAT0MLLT) is used in Arrow’s matrix headlight solution, as well as a dual-phase boost converter (ASL2507SHN), dual-channel LED buck driver (ASL2417SHN), three-channel LED buck driver (ASL3417SHN), matrix LED controller (ASL5115SHN 5 pieces/set), system basis chip (SBC) (UJA1163 and UJA1164), CAN trans.

     

    The developing ADB matrix LED headlights are the greatest option of headlights at the moment, as they can improve overall automobile safety, allow more freedom in car modelling design, and increase the car’s technical sense and worth.

     

    Many automobile manufacturers are now using them in commercially marketed car models. The cost of LED headlights is projected to fall more as the market for them expands. LED headlights will also progressively gain popularity among more automobile models, producing a positive market cycle with a very promising market future.

     

    THIS AUTOMOTIVE LED LIGHTING MARKET REPORT WILL ANSWER FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

    1. How many Automotive LED Lighting Markets are manufactured per annum Globally? Who are the sub-component suppliers in different regions?
    2. Cost breakup of an Automotive LED Lighting Market and key vendor selection criteria
    3. Where is the Automotive LED Lighting Market manufactured? What is the average margin per unit?
    4. Market Share of Automotive LED Lighting Market manufacturers and tHeir upcoming products
    5. The cost advantage for OEMs wHo manufacture Automotive LED Lighting Market  in-House
    6. key predictions for the next 5 years in Automotive LED Lighting  
    7. Average B-2-Bl Automotive LED Lighting Market   price in all segments
    8. Latest trends in Automotive LED Lighting Market, by every market segment
    9. The market size (botH volume and value) of the Automotive LED Lighting Market in 2024-2030 and every year in between?
    10. Production Automotive LED Lighting Market, by suppliers and tHeir OEM relationsHip

     

    Sl no Topic
    1 Market Segmentation
    2 Scope of the report
    3 Abbreviations
    4 Research Methodology
    5 Executive Summary
    6 Introduction
    7 Insights from Industry stakeholders
    8 Cost breakdown of Product by sub-components and average profit margin
    9 Disruptive innovation in the Industry
    10 Technology trends in the Industry
    11 Consumer trends in the industry
    12 Recent Production Milestones
    13 Component Manufacturing in US, EU and China
    14 COVID-19 impact on overall market
    15 COVID-19 impact on Production of components
    16 COVID-19 impact on Point of sale
    17 Market Segmentation, Dynamics and Forecast by Geography, 2024-2030
    18 Market Segmentation, Dynamics and Forecast by Product Type, 2024-2030
    19 Market Segmentation, Dynamics and Forecast by Application, 2024-2030
    20 Market Segmentation, Dynamics and Forecast by End use, 2024-2030
    21 Product installation rate by OEM, 2023
    22 Incline/Decline in Average B-2-B selling price in past 5 years
    23 Competition from substitute products
    24 Gross margin and average profitability of suppliers
    25 New product development in past 12 months
    26 M&A in past 12 months
    27 Growth strategy of leading players
    28 Market share of vendors, 2023
    29 Company Profiles
    30 Unmet needs and opportunity for new suppliers
    31 Conclusion
    32 Appendix