Global Automotive Piston Market 2024-2030

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    AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    INTRODUCTION

    The need for higher power in the cars, has constantly led to development of pistons in a vehicle. This is because piston plays an important role in boosting the engine power by increasing the piston size and shape.

     

    However, over the years stricter emission norms have led to downsizing the engine and expecting higher power in smaller engines.

     

    These challenges have led to incorporating turbochargers and superchargers to the vehicle. With the automobile sector leaning towards BEVs and PHEVs, it is fair to say that piston market may witness slight descend in growth.

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    AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET SEGMENTATION

    By OEMs

    • Toyota
    • VW
    • Ford
    • Mercedes
    • BMW
    • Chinese OEMs
    • General Motors

     

    By Geography

    • US
    • China
    • Europe
    • India
    • ROW

     

    By Material Used

    • Cast Iron
    • Aluminium Alloy
    • Steel

     

    By Vehicles Used

    • Two-Wheeler
    • Passenger Vehicle
    • Commercial Vehicle

     

    AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET DYNAMICS

     

    SI No Timeline Company Updates
    1 December 2021 Piston Automotive Piston Automotive is set to relocate its Louisville production facility to the Blankenbaker Logistics Center on Plantside Drive.
    2 December 2021 Rheinmetall Rheinmetall is set to expand its pump business in China and Japan by acquiring the Pierburg Mikuni Pump technology.
    3 November 2021 Stellantis Stellantis has decided to take over Naza Automotive Manufacturing group from the Groupe PSA.
    4 April 2021 Rheinmetall Rheinmetall has decided to open a new Technology centre in China in order to produce steel pistons for commercial vehicles.
    5 March 2021 Tenneco Tenneco has partnered with Eaton Vehicle Group in order to produce a new, integrated Exhaust Thermal Management System.

     

    Among passenger vehicles there has been a continuous demand on downsizing the engine, to reduce the emissions. Piston manufacturers have continuously developed pistons to counter this.

     

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    There has been an increased demand for the steel pistons. After commercial and racing vehicles, steel pistons have been incorporated in the passenger vehicles segment as well.

     

    The steel pistons are considered because of their high performance and significant reduction of CO2 emissions. Steel pistons also are known for lower thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion. This will help to boost the steel pistons market on large scale.

     

    US AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    US is a predominantly gasoline engine powered market. Diesel cars had started gaining foothold via Volkswagen in Lat 2014 and early 2015 when VW emissions scandal was blown first in US.

     

    Most common engine displacement in US on top-selling vehicles is 2.5L(4 cylinder) ,3.5L (6 cylinder) and 4/4.4L (8-cylinder engines). These huge engines produce high power and for this piston must be high heat resistant.

     

    Also, the number of pistons required per car goes up from 4 in <2L engines to 6 in >3L engines creating bigger market volume than China, even though the US new car sales are 25% less than China.

     

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    We take a look at Engine strategy followed by leading OEMs in US.

     

    Ford- It has developed a range of Eco-boost engines since 2009, starting from 1.0L(I-3), 1.5L(I-3), 2.0L(I-4), and 2.7L (V6). For 3.5L and higher displacement it employs its older range of naturally aspirated engines.

     

    GM- It has also developed a range of 1.5-2.0L turbo gasoline engines but not in 3L and above engine displacements. Most of the high displacement engines are still naturally aspirated. What can be seen as a complete departure from Detroit lineage is that it also offers a 3.0L Diesel on Silverado 1500 and GMC Sierra.

     

    Toyota- World`s most profitable car OEM of 2019 is the only OEM with not even one turbocharged engine in its line-up (including Lexus).

     

    Honda- Only recently it has started inducting newly developed 1.5L and 2L turbocharged engines on best-sellers like Accord, Civic and CRV

     

    FCA- The top-selling Jeep brand is powered by naturally aspirated 3.2l and 3.6L Pentastar engines (shared with RAM) and 2.0L turbocharged engines

     

    In the heavy truck market, class 8 trucks are powered by Diesel engines with 10-13L (6 cylinder) engines and their annual sales volume is 220-270k units. Cummins and Daimler owned Detroit Diesel account for more than 50% share of class 8 truck engine market per annum.

     

    CHINA AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    Similar to US, even China has mostly petrol cars of engine size mostly 1.6-1.7L on average. 4-cylinder engines power 99% of passenger cars sold in the Country. Many domestic OEMs have now developed powerful 1.4/1.5 L direct injection equipped turbocharged engines to power compact SUVs.

     

    The average specific power output is 85Hp/L- 100HP/L which is at par with European cars. To produce significant power from these comparatively smaller engines high standard pistons are used.

     

    About 4% of new cars sold in China in 2019 were BEV (Battery electric vehicle) and it is expected that by 2025, the share could be as high as 15% of new car sales.

     

    To know more China Electric vehicle market, read our report. Therefore, growth of BEV sales in China are an imminent risk to global automotive piston market.

     

    EUROPE AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    Europe has always been the hub of compact displacement, higher horsepower engines due to two reasons 1 High share of Diesel engines between 2004-2017 2. CO2 emission linked taxation in many EU countries.

     

    Till 2016, 1.5L gasoline and Diesel engines powered most of the new cars sold in the region but post 2018 almost all best-selling cars like Ford Fiesta, Ford Focus, VW Golf, VW Polo have 1.0L engine on at least 2-3 variants.

     

    Over the past 5 years, there has been a gradual decline in offtake of Diesel cars. As a result, the Diesel piston market has seen a decline in the European market.

    Infographic: Europe automotive piston market, Diesel engine piston market

     

     

    INDIA AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    Maruti Suzuki, the market leader in India offers 1.2L engine on Premium hatchbacks and 1.0L gasoline engines on entry level hatchbacks. All of them are naturally aspirated with specific power output of ~70PS/Litre which is among the lowest in the world.

     

    Delhi NCR based Shriram Pistons (in collaboration with Four International partners) is the leading piston supplier in India followed by Mahle`s Indian subsidiary. 

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    It is also world`s third biggest commercial vehicle market in the world. Due to this piston market in India is one of the largest in the world. India has one of the biggest tractor markets in the world. All these has constituted to growth in Indian piston market.

     

    INDIA TWO-WHEELER PISTON MARKET

     

    India is world`s biggest three-wheeler and two-wheeler market. The two-wheeler sales have proportionately increased the petrol piston penetration in Indian market.

     

    With the new BS-VI regulations one might expect piston manufacturers to develop new range of pistons for the customers as fuel injection will now replace carburettors.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET SIZE AND FORECAST

     

    In US there are hardly 1-2% diesel Passenger vehicles and in China it is almost zero and this has directly resulted in fall of diesel engine piston market.

     

    With most countries reducing diesel powered vehicles, we might expect the piston makers to increase the focus on petrol pistons. Thus, helping the growth of petrol piston market alone.

    Infographic: Global Automotive Piston market, Automotive piston market trends, Automotive piston market share

     

    NEW PARTNERSHIPS IN AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    • Rheinmetall Group has been handed a follow-up contract to supply petrol engine pistons for the 2-litre units for American OEM.
    • KS Kolbenschmidt GmbH (subsidiary of Rheinmetall AG) of Germany and its cooperation partners – auto parts maker ZYNP Corporation of Mengzhou, China and the Riken Corporation of Tokyo have joined forces to open their own Tech Center in Nanjing, China. The new Tech Center focusses on common goal of establishing a specialist in China for developing complete piston systems.
    • Tenneco (after acquiring Federal- Mogul) and Chinese OEM Dongfeng Motor Corporation have set up a joint venture in China. The objective is to manufacture piston for Dongfeng and other Chinese OEMs.
    • Rheinmetall Automotive wins a new order to supply new state-of-the-art pistons for commercial vehicles in North American region.

     

    NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS IN AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    SI No Timeline Company Launches
    1 December 2021 JE Pistons JE Pistons has given a lineup of forged pistons for the various engine models for Ford’s Ecoboost engines.
    2 November 2021 ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers have made 3D pistons from aluminum alloy in order to test this in the full-size engine.
    3 August 2021 Rheinmetall Rheinmetall has won multimillion euro orders from premium engine-maker in order to make back pressure valves for commercial vehicles.
    4 August 2021 Rheinmetall Rheinmetall has decided to invest €110 million for the development of its discontinued piston segment.
    5 July 2021 Rheinmetall Rheinmetall wins a €22 million order for the delivery of aluminium pistons to the North American market.
    6 May 2021 Aquarius Engines Aquarius Engines has revealed the free-piston linear engine which tends to operate on 100% hydrogen.
    7 February 2021 JE Pistons JE Pistons has launched the new ASCS 360 Small Block Chevy Pistons which is built for Sprint Car Racing. 
    8 Q1 2021 MAHLE MAHLE has launched the diesel pistons with an injection pressure of 2,200 bar with a power output of up to 100 kW per litre.
    9 Q1 2021 Menon Pistons Menon Pistons have launched the three types of pistons for heavy duty diesel engines: 1 MW Piston, 140mm dia BEML Piston and Articulated Piston.
    10 2020 Menon Pistons For Commercial Vehicles Menon Pistons has launched three types of pistons: Cooled Gallery Cut Section Piston, TATA 4SP EURO III Piston and TATA 497 EURO II Piston.

     

    • Rheinmetall AG’s small bore piston business unit successfully continued the industrialization of its latest piston generation featuring KiteKS technology. The use of coolant passage and ring carrier technology for small, highly stressed pistons for gasoline engines is also being implemented.
    • Mahle GmbH produced high-performance Aluminum pistons using 3D printing techniques for the first time as a part of its cooperation with sports car manufacturer Porsche and mechanical engineering company Trumpf. The pistons were successfully tested on the engine test bench for Porsche’s 911 GT2 RS sports car
    • Freudenberg Sealing Technologies has developed a new plastic piston which relies on single part sealing technology, saving energy and helps in easy installation. Lighter in weight, these pistons improve fuel efficiency.
    • Mahle GmbH develops new thermally insulating pistons. The coatings are intended to reduce the heat entering into pistons and lead to improved efficiency and reduced emissions.

     

    AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET RECENT TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS

     

    Using computer-aided design (CAD) software, the piston shape is designed and optimized while accounting for aspects including engine specs, performance demands, and material qualities. The geometry and performance properties of pistons can be precisely modeled and analyzed using CAD.

     

    The simulation method known as finite element analysis (FEA) is used to examine the structural integrity and behavior of pistons under various operating situations. By doing so, engineers may improve designs, find potential weak spots, and make sure the piston can handle extreme heat, pressure, and vibration.

     

    Lightweight Components: By using lightweight components, such as high-strength aluminum alloys, the overall weight of the piston is lowered, enhancing fuel economy and lowering emissions. These materials have good heat conductivity and fantastic strength-to-weight ratios.

     

    Pistons frequently receive surface treatments and coatings in order to improve their durability and performance. In order to lessen wear, increase heat resistance, and reduce friction between the piston and cylinder wall, these treatments may include thermal barrier coatings, anti-friction coatings, and hard anodizing.

     

    Production Methods: Modern production techniques are used to create pistons with great dimensional accuracy and structural integrity, including precision casting, forging, and machining. These methods guarantee constant quality and enable the productive fabrication of intricate designs.

     

    Piston Ring Technology: Piston rings reduce friction while sealing the combustion chamber and preventing gas leakage into the crankcase.

     

    Advanced piston ring technologies are used to reduce friction and boost engine performance, such as low-tension rings, coatings, and better materials.

     

    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): CFD simulations are used to assess the airflow and combustion processes inside the engine cylinder and optimize the piston design to increase combustion efficiency, lower emissions, and improve overall engine performance.

     

    RISE IN AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    Electric Vehicles (EVs): With the advancement of more effective batteries, longer driving ranges, and improved charging infrastructure, the market for electric vehicles has continued to grow.

     

    Solid-state batteries, which promised greater energy density, quicker charging times, and increased safety over conventional lithium-ion batteries, were coming into greater prominence.

     

    Autonomous Vehicles (AVs): With continued research and development in sensor systems, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicle technology is advancing.

     

    Companies were testing and using self-driving cars in various cities across the world as they worked to achieve higher levels of autonomy. Smart and connected cars: A developing trend in the automotive industry was the incorporation of cutting-edge networking and communication technologies.

     

    In order to secure connected vehicles from potential dangers, this featured elements including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, cloud-based services, over-the-air upgrades, and improved cybersecurity measures.

     

    Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): To improve vehicle safety, ADAS technologies are being improved and expanded. New car models were increasingly coming equipped with features like adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, automatic emergency braking, and pedestrian detection.

     

    Mobility as a Service: The idea of mobility as a service, which combines several forms of transportation into one platform, is gaining popularity. By integrating ride-sharing, car-sharing, and other transportation services through mobile apps, MaaS aims to offer convenient and seamless travel experiences.

     

    NEW PRODUCT LAUNCH

     

    Affordable New Piston Lineup Introduced by Diamond Pistons.It allows them to have a quality, reliable part at a price point they can accomplish and avoid having to put OEM pistons back into their engines. Their main target market for these new pistons is the guys who can’t afford pricey bespoke pistons. 

     

    This new range, which will initially include an astonishing 20 different SKUs, is built in the USA using a 2618 alloy process with a unique strut design and banana groove slots. It is fully coated and, best of all, is a true American-made product. 

     

    They have seen clients get upwards of 1,000-1,100 horsepower on these pistons and that they take a lot of abuse despite being primarily designed for street use but are absolutely capable of meeting the demands of the strip.

     

    With the expansion of the product line, Diamond anticipates having as many as 30-35 distinct pistons for various applications.

     

    However, Giebas noted that they are quite comparable in terms of design and performance with very little difference between the high-end part and these affordable replacement pistons from Diamond, which lack the full machining that the high-end and more expensive custom pistons possess. 

     

    These parts are currently in stock and prepared for shipping, despite being a new debut here at PRI.

     

    Pistons were launched by a Lada engine operating at 10,000 rpm. Engines have a limited operational window in which they can operate.

     

    An economical family car’s operating window is considerably dissimilar from one in a supercar. Compared to the shrieking high revving engines of the exotic automobiles that dominate bedroom wall posters, the engines of normal consumer cars will typically rev more slowly. 

     

    The Garage 54 crew created a stunning test apparatus designed to obliterate Lada engines in order to make this testing repeatable.

     

    Lada is a mainstay in nations that were once part of the communist bloc since it was one of the few brands that could be purchased in Eastern Europe during the Cold War.The design concepts for this engine were limited to making it operate; driving enjoyment or high-revving performance were not priorities.

     

     The Lada engine is a great choice for this test because of this. The least likely engine to reach a superbike’s 10,000 RPM is this one.

     

    They get to witness a strained engine launch a piston straight into the air like a bottle rocket, proving that the phrase “throwing a piston” is more than just an idiom. It also emphasises the value of an effective oiling system because the engine was severely damaged and eventually shut down because there was not enough oil to keep everything lubricated.

     

    RECENT PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION

     

    The Eaton Vickers Piston Motor embodies the characteristic quality and precision for which the Eaton brand is known in the field of fluid power solutions, standing as the pinnacle of engineering prowess and hydraulic innovation.

     

    With a history spanning more than a century, Eaton has constantly shown its dedication to advancing hydraulic technology, and the Vickers Piston Motor is evidence of this enduring tradition.

     

    The Eaton Vickers Piston Motor, which was painstakingly designed to transform hydraulic energy into regulated mechanical motion, is at its core a wonder of mechanical craftsmanship.

     

    This motor is the perfect example of how form and function can work together because it was created not just for practical purposes but also as a harmonious technical symphony.

     

    Eaton’s commitment to perfection is evident in the precision-machined pistons at the center of the motor, which guarantee a smooth transfer of fluid pressure into rotational force.

     

    The flexibility of the Eaton Vickers Piston Motor is one of its distinguishing qualities. It is made to fit a wide range of uses, including mobile equipment and large industrial gear.

     

    Due to Eaton’s painstaking attention to detail during the design phase, the motor is able to integrate into a variety of hydraulic systems with ease. The Vickers Piston Motor is an unstoppable force that can power large earthmoving equipment or enable the precise movements of industrial robots.

     

    The Eaton Vickers Piston Motor’s DNA is strongly imprinted with the values of durability and dependability. This hydraulic workhorse is made to survive the most demanding operating conditions because it was built using durable materials and put through rigorous testing.

     

    Its durability, which is measured in decades rather than just years, makes it a dependable partner in sectors where performance and dependability are essential. The Vickers Piston Motor is only one example of how Eaton’s commitment to sustainability is demonstrated.

     

    It complies with contemporary ecological concerns by optimizing energy efficiency and minimizing fluid use through innovative design and engineering. Eaton’s commitment to responsible engineering is demonstrated by this combination of performance, durability, and sustainability.

     

    The Sealed Power brand, owned by Federal-Mogul, has long been a mainstay in the world of industrial and automotive engines. It is recognized for its unwavering dedication to providing high-quality pistons that power a wide range of machines. With a rich history spanning decades, Sealed Power has made a name for itself as a trusted supplier of pistons that stand out for their performance and dependability.

     

    The commitment of Sealed Power to precise engineering and cutting-edge design is the key to its success. Pistons from the company are painstakingly made to exacting specifications using cutting-edge techniques and materials to guarantee superior performance and lifespan.

     

    Sealed Power pistons are designed to fulfill the particular requirements of each application, whether it be a nimble car engine or a powerful industrial behemoth. The large variety of engine types and sizes that Sealed Power’s extensive product line can accommodate. Their pistons have demonstrated their durability in a variety of vehicles, from little car engines to powerful trucks.

     

    The brand’s reach goes beyond the automobile industry, since industrial equipment, generators, marine engines, and other devices all use their pistons. This adaptability highlights Sealed Power’s ability to serve a variety of markets and uses.

     

    The firm’s persistent dedication to quality control is one of its defining qualities. Every piston bearing the Sealed Power label is put through rigorous testing procedures as part of the brand’s manufacturing process to ensure that it satisfies high-performance standard

     

    COMPETITVE LANDSCAPE IN AUTOMOTIVE PISTON MARKET

     

    SI No Timeline Company Sales
    1 Q3-2021 Rheinmetall The sales of Rheinmetall at the end of the third quarter was €1.25 billion and in 2020 the sales was €1.26 billion.
    2 Q3-2021 Tenneco At the end of the third quarter the net sales and revenue of Tenneco was $4.33 billion and in 2020 the net sales and revenue was $4.25 billion.
    3 Q3-2021 Menon Group The revenue of Menon Group at the end of third quarter was Rs 5,066 lakhs and in the previous year the revenue was Rs 3,562 lakhs.
    4 November 2021 Rheinmetall Rheinmetall has completed the acquisition of Zeppelin Mobile Systeme in Germany.
    5 February 2021 MAHLE MAHLE has acquired the Keihin Corporation which is an air conditioning business company.

     

    German auto parts manufacturer Rheinmetall Automotive under the name Kolbenschmidt has been the top supplier of pistons to the OEMs, followed by Mahle. Wossner GmbH is another German part manufacturer in the market. Tenneco US company which acquired Federal Mogul is the largest piston manufacturer in US.

     

    Rheinmetall Group in 2020 made close to $ 7B in sales a drop of ~6.2% from $ 7.4B in 2020. Automotive group made about $ 2.55B of the overall sales last year.

     

    In small bore pistons sales decline was attributed to performance of the markets in Europe & North America. Large bore piston suffered loss due to weakness of the global large bore piston market.

     

    Sales in the aftermarket division decreased by 4.4% to $ 410M. Small bore pistons sales dropped by ~31%, whereas the large pistons volume fell by 36%.

     

    Company’s investment was made primarily in production facilities for new steel pistons at the plant in Mexico and in modernization of the machinery at the small-bore piston plant in the Czech Republic.

     

    In 2019, Mahle’s revenue from passenger car gasoline and diesel engine pistons, piston rings, commercial vehicle steel pistons, and bearings declined. In contrast, sales of steel pistons for passenger cars and of assembled camshafts increased, primarily as a result of project ramp-ups in Europe.

     

    In India, regulatory interventions by the government caused a fall in sales of camshafts and passenger car diesel pistons in particular. Overall sales in Engine Systems and Components business unit dropped by 5.9% in 2019 to $ 3.11B.

     

    After 9 months of FY-2021 Menon Pistons made about $ 12.2M compared to $ 12.65M in 2019 a drop of ~4.5% SAMKRG Pistons after 9 months in 2020 made about $ 20.56M compared to $ 24.35M in 2019 a decline of ~16% in sales. 

     

    Menon, Shriram and India Pistons Ltd are the leading piston makers in India region. They supply some of the leading car and truck manufacturers.  SAMKRG piston manufacturers are one of the leading piston makers for two-wheelers segment in India.

    Sl no Topic
    1 Market Segmentation
    2 Scope of the report
    3 Abbreviations
    4 Research Methodology
    5 Executive Summary
    6 Introduction
    7 Insights from Industry stakeholders
    8 Cost breakdown of Product by sub-components and average profit margin
    9 Disruptive innovation in the Industry
    10 Technology trends in the Industry
    11 Consumer trends in the industry
    12 Recent Production Milestones
    13 Component Manufacturing in US, EU and China
    14 COVID-19 impact on overall market
    15 COVID-19 impact on Production of components
    16 COVID-19 impact on Point of sale
    17 Market Segmentation, Dynamics and Forecast by Geography, 2024-2030
    18 Market Segmentation, Dynamics and Forecast by Product Type, 2024-2030
    19 Market Segmentation, Dynamics and Forecast by Application, 2024-2030
    20 Market Segmentation, Dynamics and Forecast by End use, 2024-2030
    21 Product installation rate by OEM, 2023
    22 Incline/Decline in Average B-2-B selling price in past 5 years
    23 Competition from substitute products
    24 Gross margin and average profitability of suppliers
    25 New product development in past 12 months
    26 M&A in past 12 months
    27 Growth strategy of leading players
    28 Market share of vendors, 2023
    29 Company Profiles
    30 Unmet needs and opportunity for new suppliers
    31 Conclusion
    32 Appendix
       
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