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Nanochitosan is a promising new material that has recently been gaining attention in the research community. It is a biopolymer derived from chitosan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from the shells of crustaceans.
Nanochitosan is made by breaking down chitosan molecules into much smaller particles, typically between 10 and 100 nanometers in size. This makes them very small and highly reactive, giving them unique properties that make them useful for a variety of applications.
Nanochitosan is non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and has a high absorption capacity. These properties make it ideal for use in medical applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. It can be used to transport drugs to specific parts of the body, and can also be used to bind proteins and other biomolecules for targeted delivery.
In addition to medical applications, nanochitosan can be used in a variety of industrial processes, such as water purification and pollution control. It can also be used in cosmetics and food additives to enhance the properties of products. Nanochitosan can also be used in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics, which can help reduce the environmental impact of plastic production.
Nanochitosan is a versatile and exciting material that has a wide range of potential applications. Research is ongoing to explore the full potential of this material, and its use in a variety of industries is expected to grow in the coming years.
The Global Nanochitosan market accounted for $XX Billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
Chitosan-derived medication delivery to the brain, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, cancer, and eye infections are just a few of the conditions for which non-parenteral medication delivery using nanoparticles is useful.
Because of their mucoadhesion, low toxicity, and adjustable physical properties, chitosan-based NP are especially suitable for the mucosal route. There will be instances of chitosan-based nanoparticles being used to treat ocular infections, gastrointestinal disorders, lung conditions, cancer, and medicine delivery to the brain.
On the basis of the field’s growing understanding of chitosan characteristics and techniques for chemical or physical modification, which are used to the optimisation of nanoparticle drug loading and release features, recent research on chitosan-based NP for nonparenteral drug delivery has been conducted.
Through the opening of the epithelium’s tight connections, chitosan enhances penetration. Chitosan aids in the transcellular and paracellular transportation of medications. Through hydrophobic interactions as well as ionic or hydrogen bonding, chitosan forms a complex with negatively charged mucus.
The principal amine of chitosan has a pKa of approximately 6.5, which varies according to the extent of N-deacetylation. This group also plays a role in chitosan’s solubility in acidic pH environments.
Chitosan has also been found to aggregate at neutral to high pH, which may be explained by the partial neutralisation of this primary amine. It is important to acknowledge that chitosan with a medium/high molecular weight and a fraction of acetylated units less than 0.4 may exhibit this propensity.
It is possible to modify the chitosan backbone for certain uses, as this study discusses, to change qualities including stability, mucoadhesion, and solubility. In chitosan, the active sites for alteration are both the -NH2 and -OH groups. Chitosan polymer preparation methods include mixing, graft copolymerization, and curing, some of which are frequently employed.
Simply combining two or more polymers is known as blending. Covalent bonding of polymers occurs during graft copolymerization, whereas curing—which can be accomplished through thermal, electrochemical, or UV radiation processing—turns the polymers into a solidified mass by forming three-dimensional bonds inside the polymer mass.
