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Gamma ray spectrometry, commonly used in the nuclear industry, astrophysics, and geological research, is the study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources.
Gamma rays of various intensities and energy are produced by the majority of radioactive sources. A gamma-ray energy spectrum is created when these gamma-ray emissions are identified and examined using spectrometry equipment.
A sodium iodine (NaI) crystal-based energy sensitive radiation detector is part of the gamma-ray spectrometry apparatus. These detectors are made of passive materials that react by producing a brief flash of light, or a scintillation, when a gamma interaction takes place inside the detector volume.
The amount of energy that the gamma ray deposits in the crystal determines how intense the light is. The photomultipliers, which transform light into electrons and subsequently increase the electrical signal produced by those electrons, are connected to the detectors.
The output of the spectrometer is an energy spectrum of the observed radiation after the pulse amplitudes have been analyzed and have undergone amplification and digitisation. The source of the radiation can be identified using the gamma ray spectra since different radioactive isotopes release different energies of gamma rays.
The Global Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometry market accounted for $XX Billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
By Columbia University, the Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometry Tool (NGT) was created. To quantify the natural gamma ray radiation of the three most prevalent components of naturally occurring radiation, potassium, thorium, and uranium, the Natural Gamma Ray Tool (NGT) used a sodium-iodide scintillation detector.
Three energy windows spanning distinct peaks from each of the three radioactive series made up the high-energy region of the spectrum. The count rates in each window were used to calculate each component’s concentration.
Even when utilizing a modest logging speed, the data were prone to significant statistical variances because the high-energy region only makes up 10% of the entire spectrum count rates. By factoring in the contribution from the low-energy portion of the spectrum, the results were significantly enhanced.
By comparing and averaging counts at a certain depth with counts recorded just before and after, filtering techniques were utilized to further reduce the statistical noise. The total gamma ray, a uranium-free gamma ray measurement, and the levels of potassium, thorium, and uranium were the final outputs.
The radius of the investigation was affected by the size of the hole, the density of the mud, the bulk density of the formation (denser formations show a little lower radioactivity), and the energy of the gamma rays; (a higher energy gamma ray can reach the detector from deeper in the formation). The log’s vertical resolution was around 1.5 feet (46 cm).