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Here are two compelling arguments for trying to construct silicon-based quantum bits (qubits). The first is the clear premise of traditional microelectronics.
The level of development in silicon’s material quality, crystal growth, and fabrication techniques is unmatched by any other material in the world, even though silicon quantum computers would function fundamentally differently from classical computers—for instance, at cryogenic temperatures.
Silicon-based qubits may surpass other solid-state options if even a small portion of the global investment in silicon is used for qubit development.
The remarkable clean magnetic environment that spins in highly pure and isotopically enriched silicon material is the second, less obvious reason for choosing silicon .In cryogenic electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations, a microwave pulse causes electron spins to process in an applied magnetic field.
The local magnetic field’s quasi-static inhomogeneities are the primary cause of the spinning electrons’ dephasing. Spin-echo techniques can easily reverse this effect by regularly inverting the relative phases that have accumulated as a result of static rotation speed disparities.
The most significant factor causing dephasing at high levels of enrichment and after inhomogeneity is eliminated as a source of dephasing are the dipole-dipole couplings between the dilute phosphorus atoms themselves. These dipole-dipole effects can also be lessened by using a gradient magnetic field.
The Global Silicon-based qubit market accounted for $XX Billion in 2022 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
The first instance of universal control of Silicon-based qubit has been disclosed by HRL Laboratories, LLC. This recently developed method of quantum processing traps a single electron in a quantum dot using a revolutionary silicon-based qubit device architecture that was made at HRL’s cleanroom in Malibu.
Three of these single electron spins have energy-degenerate qubit states that are governed by nearest-neighbor contact interactions that swap neighboring spin states in part.
Since the HRL experiment showed that their Silicon-based qubit could be controlled universally, any quantum computational technique could be implemented effectively using the encoded qubits.
Three electron spins are used in the silicon/silicon germanium quantum dot qubits used for encoding, and a voltage applied to metal gates is used to partially swap the directions of those electron spins without ever aligning them in a certain way.
During the demonstration, dozens of these carefully calibrated voltage pulses were applied one after the other in close proximity over the span of a few millionths of a second.
