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Thermal actuators use a mechanical force to push, pull, open, or move a load when the temperature changes. In hydraulic control systems, the actuator’s job is to turn the hydraulic energy processed by the control elements and provided by the pump into meaningful work.
The wax undergoes a phase transition as a result of the temperature change, which happens across a constrained and adjustable temperature range, typically between 10-15°F but can be adjusted to suit a variety of applications.
The Global thermo-hydraulic actuator market accounted for $XX Billion in 2022 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2030.
A thorough analysis of thermo-hydraulic actuators is required for the development of innovative regenerators for caloric cooling applications.
One of the most promising shapes for elastocaloric technology is similar to shell-and-tube heat exchangers because they have great thermal performance and may be used under compressive loading to overcome the short fatigue life of elastocaloric materials typically experienced in tension.
It has not yet been possible to characterise the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of shell-and-tube-like structures under the circumstances necessary for caloric cooling applications and the use of water as a heat transfer fluid.
The thermo-hydraulic performance was assessed using extensive oscillating-flow passive experimental characterization and numerical simulation.
The thermal efficiency, convective heat transfer, and friction losses of nine distinct regenerators were examined by altering the tube wall thickness, tube/rod diameter, spacing between the tubes/rods, and channel height (baffle distance).
They discovered new empirical correlations for the Nusselt number and friction factor and compared them to packed beds and parallel plate regenerators (as two most widely applied regenerator geometries in caloric cooling).
The shell-and-tube-like architecture can be used as a very effective (elasto)caloric regenerator, but to further boost convective heat transfer coefficients and NTU values, dense packing with a small(er) hydraulic diameter is needed.
The results should act as a guide for overall compression-loaded shell-and-tube-like elastocaloric regenerator optimization.
