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Thermoelectric sensors are devices that measure temperature using the thermoelectric effect, also known as the Seebeck effect. This phenomenon occurs when a temperature differential exists between two different materials, causing a voltage to appear.
This voltage can be used to measure the temperature of the materials. Thermoelectric sensors are used in a wide variety of applications, from industrial process control to medical diagnostics.
Thermoelectric sensors are commonly used for precision temperature measurement and control. They can be used to measure temperatures ranging from -200°C to +600°C, and are often used in applications requiring accuracy or stability, such as process control and medical diagnostics.
Thermoelectric sensors are also used in automotive, aerospace, and defense applications, as well as in industrial automation and robotics.Thermoelectric sensors are typically small and lightweight, making them ideal for applications where space is limited.
They are also highly reliable, with a long lifespan and low power consumption. Additionally, they are relatively inexpensive compared to other types of temperature sensors.
Thermoelectric sensors are available in a variety of designs, including self-powered, externally powered, and integrated circuit (IC) designs. Self-powered thermoelectric sensors are the most basic, and require no external power source. Externally powered thermoelectric sensors require an external power source, such as a battery, to operate.
Integrated circuit thermoelectric sensors are more complex, and are often used in applications requiring precise temperature measurement and control.
Thermoelectric sensors are becoming increasingly popular as the demand for higher accuracy and stability in temperature measurement and control grows. As technology advances and the availability of thermoelectric sensors increases, they are likely to become even more widely used in various applications.
The Global Thermoelectric sensor market accounted for $XX Billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
Magnetoelastic sensors are well documented for the purpose of remotely monitoring physical quantities such as pressure, humidity, and liquid viscosity and density. Since magnetoelastic sensors can be functionalized with a wide range of chemical and biological sensing elements, produced and scaled into different shapes and sizes, and remotely triggered and interrogated, they are perfect for remote query of environmental conditions in closed and controlled systems.
A magnetostrictive behaviour, which enables cyclic mechanical vibrations at resonance frequency when subjected to an alternating magnetic field, is the basis for the functioning of a magnetoelastic sensor.
The sensor then produces an independent secondary magnetic flux that may be observed as a result of the mechanical resonance. The damping to the sensor’s mechanical resonance causes changes in the resonance frequency, resonance magnitude, and signal phase at the resonance when a mass is applied onto the sensor.
Through the use of magnetoelastic sensors, chemical analytes and biologics can be detected and monitored. Typically, this involves functionalizing the sensor with a coating that changes mass depending on the presence or activity of the chemical, reaction, or biological being monitored.
A coating that selectively binds to an analyte, one that absorbs or desorbs water in response to pH variations, or compounds that are preferentially eaten during reactions or metabolism can all be examples of this type of coating.
As a platform for label-free detection, functionalization of magnetoelastic sensors has grown in popularity. It has made it easier to detect and measure biologicals and biotoxins like E. Coli, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B, and other endotoxins, as well as chemical analytes like pH, ammonia, carbon dioxide, calcium oxalate precipitate, and octachlorostyrene.
The most common materials used to create magnetoelastic sensors are amorphous ferromagnetic materials like Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 (Metglas 2826 MB) or Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2 (Metglas 2605 SC). These materials have significant magnetostrictive behaviour and high magnetoelastic coupling coefficients, which result in extremely efficient energy conversion between elastic and magnetic energies.
These materials can undergo cyclic stretching and relaxation when exposed to a time-varying magnetic field, which is what excites the sensors manufactured by them.
The resonating material produces a significant secondary magnetic flux that may be remotely detected and tracked using an induction coil because of its high magnetoelastic coupling. The magnetoelastic sensors’ resonance is influenced by its geometry, surrounding environment, and mass-loading profile, just like any other mechanical resonating body.