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X-ray crystallography is a powerful and versatile technique used to study the structures of molecules. It involves the use of X-rays to determine the spatial arrangement of atoms in a crystalline solid.
In this technique, X-rays are directed at a crystal, and the structure is determined by analyzing the diffraction pattern of the X-rays that are scattered by the atoms in the crystal. This diffraction pattern is then used to construct an electron density map, from which the three-dimensional structure of the molecule can be derived.
X-ray crystallography is used in a variety of fields, including chemistry, biology, and materials science. In chemistry, it is used to determine the precise locations of atoms in complex molecules and to study the structure-function relationships of proteins and other macromolecules.
In biology, X-ray crystallography is used to study the structures of enzymes, hormones, and other biological molecules.
It is also used in materials science to study the structure of metals, alloys, and other materials. X-ray crystallography is a powerful and versatile tool that is used to study the structures of molecules, from small molecules to large macromolecules, and from inorganic materials to biological systems.
The Global X-ray Crystallography System market accounted for $XX Billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
Thermo Fisher Scientific is a leading global provider of analytical instruments and software for X-ray crystallography. They offer a complete range of X-ray crystallography products and services to researchers, academia, and industry.
Their products include X-ray diffractometers, X-ray sources, optics, detectors, and software. They have recently launched the Thermo Scientific X-ray Crystallography System, which is a comprehensive solution for X-ray crystallography.
The Thermo Scientific X-ray Crystallography System is a combination of hardware and software tailored to meet the needs of X-ray crystallographers.It includes a fully integrated X-ray source, optics, detector, and software. The system has a wide range of features to help researchers with the analysis of their crystallographic data.
It is designed to be user-friendly, with an intuitive user interface and powerful analysis tools. Additionally, the system is designed to be flexible, with a range of options to fit different research requirements.
The leading X-ray crystallography systems from Bruker include the Kappa-AXS, the Kappa-FX, and the Kappa-CX systems. The Kappa-AXS is a versatile and powerful X-ray crystallography system designed for small molecule and macromolecular structural biology studies. The system features a high-speed data acquisition system that allows researchers to collect data quickly and accurately.
The Kappa-FX system is designed for advanced small-molecule and macromolecular crystallography studies. It features a high-resolution imaging system and a powerful data analysis software package.
The Kappa-CX system is designed for high-throughput protein crystallography studies. It includes a high-speed data acquisition system, a high-resolution imaging system, and an automated data analysis and visualization software package.
Innovations in Fixed-Target Serial X-ray Crystallography. Coherent femtosecond X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have transformed structural biology by permitting incredibly quick investigations of protein dynamics and structure at ambient temperature.
Even weakly diffracting protein micro- or nanocrystals that are difficult to crystallise can be investigated utilising a diffract-before-destroy methodology and multi-crystal or “serial” data collecting. However, there are difficulties in effectively delivering hundreds to thousands of crystals to the X-ray beam in ambient or vacuum conditions while maintaining crystal integrity and maximising signal-to-noise.
With notable benefits like clog-free delivery, significantly reduced sample consumption, control over sample distribution, and the capacity to incorporate stimuli like ligands, caged reactants, or electric fields “on-chip” for dynamic time-resolved experiments, microfabricated fixed-target supports are an exciting replacement for commonly used liquid jet-based technologies.
The research presented in this dissertation focuses on the development of two fixed-target sample delivery devices: (1) silicon micropatterned grids with extremely thin graphene-polymer enclosing layers for structural characterization of weakly diffracting two-dimensional (2D) nanocrystals or three-dimensional (3D) microcrystals, where background scatter from the device can limit diffraction resolution attained; and (2) polymer microfluidic chips that enable direct on-chip crysta.
Model proteins were employed in experiments to test the effectiveness of these devices and show high-resolution data collecting, opening the door for trustworthy, user-friendly protein structure research on future targets with more scientific interest.
