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The threat of a projected shortage of its terrestrial mineral sources is already impeding lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology, which has been proposed as an alternative way to meet the diverse energy demands.
The creation of de novo sustainable alternatives with performance comparable to that of Li-ion batteries has become a global necessity to meet the growing demand for large-scale Battery Grade Potassium sulfate rechargeable batteries, especially for volume/weight-independent applications like the electric grid system.1.
In contrast to Li, Battery Grade Potassium sulfate, which is cheap, plentiful, and easily extractable (i.e., a large-ion lithophile element), is steadily gaining favor as a substitute.
Another advantage is that Battery Grade Potassium sulfate has electrochemical characteristics that are similar to those of Li (technically, the K+/K redox couple typically displays a lower potential than the Li+/Li pair).
Due to Battery Grade Potassium sulfate numerous technological qualities, including magnetism, superconductivity, and agrochemical and catalytic properties, compounds based on potassium are of great interest in the field of materials science.
Due to the numerous polyhedral coordinations that potassium adopts3, Battery Grade Potassium sulfate based compounds exhibit a wide range of interesting physical properties, including optics, pyroelectricity, multiferroicity, thermoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and piezoelectricity.
In energy storage, Battery Grade Potassium sulfate compounds have also found a niche use as host frameworks for the reversible reinsertion of Li and Na electrodes.
Lepidocrocite K0.8Li0.27Ti1.73O414, K2Ti6O1315, KASO4F (A = Fe, Co)17, KVPO4F18, fedotovite K2Cu3O(SO4)319, and K2[(VO)2(HPO4)2(C2O4)] are some of these substances.A few examples include 20, KV3O821, K1.33Fe11O1722, K2D2(SO4)3 (D = Cu, Fe), KxV2O521, and Prussian analogues23.
In fact, a wide range of K-based minerals and compounds have been identified, but the majority of them have not yet had their electrochemical characteristics examined.
The Global Battery Grade Potassium sulfate market accounted for $XX Billion in 2022 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
Rechargeable Battery Grade Potassium sulfate batteries are gaining popularity as high-voltage energy storage devices as well as possible low-cost substitutes for lithium-ion technology.
However, the lack of suitable electrode materials that can enable the reversible insertion of the massive potassium ions hampers their development and sustainability.
Searching the database for potassium-based materials allowed to find multilayer honeycomb frameworks that transmit potassium ions.
The ability to reversibly insert potassium ions into stable ionic liquids based on Battery Grade Potassium sulfate imide at high voltages (4 V for K2Ni2TeO6), and they display extraordinary ionic conductivities, such as 0.01 mS cm1 at 298 K and 40 mS cm1 at 573 K for K2Mg2TeO6.
