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In an anisotropic substance (like calcite), the refraction of light into two somewhat dissimilar rays is known as birefringence. Modified proteins, including immunoglobulin light chains, improperly assemble into fibrils between cells. These fibres’ many folds align and assume a beta-pleated sheet shape.
Congo red dye intercalates between the folds and produces birefringence when viewed under polarised light. Different crystallographic orientations correspond to different indices of refraction in crystalline materials. Mineral crystals that frequently exhibit two separate indices of refraction are known as birefringent minerals.
Ordinary light waves that enter crystals are refracted as if they were moving through an isotropic medium, with no variation from the normal incidence angle. The extraordinary wave, on the other hand, deviates to the left and moves with an electric vector that is perpendicular to that of the regular wave.
The Global Birefringent Crystal market accounted for $XX Billion in 2022 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2030.
The polarisation and direction of the light affect the refractive index of a birefringent crystal. These crystals are frequently used to make polarising equipment. CaCO3 and YVO4 Crystal are on sale from Laserand, Inc. The birefringent crystal known as Yttrium Vanadate (YVO4) is a particularly promising component for fibre optical communication systems.
Because of its broad transparency range and high birefringence, YVO4—a positive uniaxial crystal with strong mechanical and physical properties—is perfect for optical polarising components.
In a variety of applications, including fibre optic isolators, circulators, beam displacers, Glan polarizers, and other polarising optics, YVO4 is a great synthetic substitute for calcite and rutile (TiO2) crystals. It has a wide range of transparency and high birefringence.
There are two refractive indices because of structural anisotropy. Thus, it splits a monochromatic light beam entering the device into two beams of opposite polarisation.
To create polarisation components, this phenomenon is employed. Calcite is now the most widely used crystal in polarisation applications because the difference between the two refractive indices is so great. It has good energy resolution, high scintillation efficiency, and high radiation durability.
