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Viscoelasticity is a property of materials that display both viscous and elastic properties when subjected to deformation in continuum mechanics and materials science. When a stress is applied, viscous materials like water resist shear flow and strain linearly with time. Stretching elastic materials causes them to stretch, yet if the stress is removed, they instantly return to their original shape.
Viscoelastic materials display time-dependent strain because they combine features of each of these characteristics. Viscosity, on the other hand, results from the diffusion of atoms or molecules within an amorphous material, whereas elasticity often results from bond stretching along crystallographic planes in an ordered solid.
A viscoelastic substance, in contrast to pure elastic substances, has both an elastic and a viscous component. A viscoelastic substance has a strain rate dependence on time due to its viscosity. When a load is applied and then withdrawn, pure elastic materials do not release energy (heat).
A viscoelastic material, on the other hand, loses energy when a load is applied and subsequently removed. The stress-strain curve exhibits hysteresis, with the area of the loop corresponding to the energy lost during the loading cycle.
A viscous substance will expend energy during a loading cycle because viscosity is the resistance to thermally triggered plastic deformation. Energy is wasted during plastic deformation, which is not typical of how a purely elastic material would respond to a loading cycle.
The Global EV viscoelastic materials Market accounted for $XX Billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2030.
Viscoelasticity specifically is a molecular rearrangement. A viscoelastic substance, such a polymer, changes positions when a stress is applied to it. Creep is the term for this movement or rearranging.
Polymers retain their solid properties even when these chain segments rearrange to accommodate the tension, which induces a back stress in the material. The material stops creeping when the back stress equals the applied stress in strength.
The accumulated back stresses will lead the polymer to take on its original shape when the initial stress is removed. The prefix viscos is given by the material creeping, while the suffix -elasticity is given by the material fully recovering.
In innumerable technical applications, such as, for example, rubber wear pressure sensitive adhesives, sliding/rolling friction on rough/smooth substrates, crack propagation in viscoelastic materials is a matter of highest relevance.
The amount of energy per unit area needed to progress the crack point is what defines crack propagation. This amount is commonly referred to as the G energy release rate.
Theoretical studies and experimental results have demonstrated that G is temperature- and fracture tip-dependent. the recorded value of G at very slow cracking rates and high temperatures, when rubber viscosity effects are at their lowest.
