India Steam Methane Reforming Liquid Hydrogen Market Size, Share, Trends and Forecasts 2031

Key Findings

• The India Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) Liquid Hydrogen Market is witnessing strong expansion driven by rising hydrogen demand in transportation, energy storage, and industrial sectors.

• SMR remains the dominant technology for large-scale hydrogen production due to its cost-effectiveness and scalability.

• Growing focus on low-carbon hydrogen through carbon capture integration is transforming the SMR landscape in India.

• Strategic partnerships between energy companies and technology providers are accelerating infrastructure development.

• The transition toward clean energy in India is promoting investments in hydrogen refueling and liquefaction facilities.

• Increasing demand from chemical industries and refineries continues to sustain SMR-based hydrogen output.

• Government initiatives promoting hydrogen as a clean fuel are driving both domestic and export-oriented production.

• Technological advancements in CO₂ capture and liquefaction efficiency are improving the environmental footprint of SMR plants.

India Steam Methane Reforming Liquid Hydrogen Market Size and Forecast

The India SMR Liquid Hydrogen Market is projected to grow from USD 3.2 billion in 2025 to USD 7.4 billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 14.7%. The market’s growth is primarily fueled by increasing investments in hydrogen infrastructure and decarbonization efforts across multiple sectors. SMR technology remains the leading production route due to its maturity and cost competitiveness. In India, industrial hubs and port regions are witnessing heavy investments in hydrogen liquefaction facilities to support both domestic consumption and export activities. With ongoing energy transition policies, the market will evolve toward blue hydrogen production integrating carbon capture technologies.

Introduction

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) is the most widely used method for hydrogen production, involving methane’s reaction with steam under high temperature to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In India, this process is integral to industrial hydrogen supply chains serving refineries, chemical plants, and energy utilities. The emergence of liquid hydrogen applications, particularly in mobility and aerospace, is expanding demand. With sustainability becoming a policy priority, SMR systems integrated with carbon capture and storage (CCS) are gaining importance. As hydrogen gains recognition as a clean energy carrier, SMR remains central to meeting immediate and long-term energy goals.

Future Outlook

By 2031, the SMR Liquid Hydrogen Market in India will increasingly shift toward blue hydrogen production through CCS integration. Energy companies will diversify production portfolios to include renewable-powered electrolysis as a complementary source. Investments in liquefaction, storage, and distribution networks will continue to rise to meet growing transportation and export requirements. Hydrogen hubs and industrial clusters will emerge as focal points for integrated energy ecosystems. The market’s long-term growth will depend on balancing cost, carbon intensity, and technological innovation.

India Steam Methane Reforming Liquid Hydrogen Market Trends

• Integration of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
  Companies in India are increasingly incorporating CCS systems into SMR plants to produce low-carbon, or “blue,” hydrogen. This integration reduces greenhouse gas emissions and aligns with decarbonization mandates. Several large-scale projects are under development to demonstrate carbon capture feasibility at commercial scale. The adoption of CCS not only mitigates environmental concerns but also enhances the competitiveness of SMR compared to emerging green hydrogen technologies. As global demand for low-carbon fuels grows, CCS-equipped SMR plants will gain significant strategic importance.

• Expansion of Hydrogen Liquefaction Infrastructure
  The growing need for long-distance hydrogen transport and refueling is driving investments in liquefaction facilities in India. Liquid hydrogen’s high energy density makes it ideal for storage and mobility applications. Governments and private firms are collaborating to establish large-capacity liquefaction and distribution hubs. This trend is accelerating the commercialization of hydrogen-fueled vehicles and aerospace technologies. As liquefaction efficiency improves, the overall cost of hydrogen logistics is expected to decline, supporting wider adoption.

• Shift Toward Blue Hydrogen Production
  With rising environmental scrutiny, India is transitioning from grey to blue hydrogen production by integrating carbon management systems into SMR operations. Policymakers are encouraging this shift through incentives for carbon reduction technologies. Energy producers are exploring partnerships with CCS technology providers to capture and store CO₂ emissions effectively. This trend strengthens the role of SMR as a transitional technology toward a cleaner hydrogen economy. The move toward blue hydrogen underscores the strategic alignment between energy security and climate goals.

• Growing Demand from Mobility and Aerospace Applications
  Liquid hydrogen’s use as a clean fuel for fuel-cell vehicles and aerospace applications is expanding rapidly in India. Automotive manufacturers are investing in hydrogen-powered trucks and buses, while aerospace firms are exploring hydrogen propulsion. This increased demand is prompting the development of refueling and cryogenic storage infrastructure. The high purity and density of liquid hydrogen make it ideal for these advanced applications. This trend reinforces hydrogen’s potential as a key enabler of zero-emission transportation.

• Strategic Collaborations and Joint Ventures
  Energy companies, technology developers, and government agencies in India are forming alliances to strengthen the hydrogen value chain. These collaborations are facilitating access to new technologies, reducing capital risk, and accelerating commercialization. Joint ventures are focusing on integrating SMR with renewable energy systems and CCS. Partnerships are also promoting knowledge exchange and regulatory harmonization across regions. This trend reflects the industry’s collective effort to build a robust and sustainable hydrogen ecosystem.

Market Growth Drivers

• Rising Demand for Clean and Low-Carbon Fuels
  The growing emphasis on reducing carbon emissions is driving demand for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. In India, governments and industries are actively promoting hydrogen adoption in transportation, energy storage, and manufacturing. SMR, combined with CCS, offers a cost-effective pathway to low-carbon hydrogen. This approach enables rapid scaling while maintaining affordability. The driver reflects the critical role of SMR in bridging today’s fossil-based systems with tomorrow’s renewable-based economies.

• Expansion of Hydrogen Refueling and Storage Infrastructure
  Investment in refueling stations, liquefaction plants, and cryogenic storage facilities is accelerating in India. These developments are essential for expanding hydrogen use across mobility and power sectors. Government subsidies and public-private partnerships are enabling infrastructure growth. As networks expand, accessibility and cost-efficiency will further stimulate demand. This driver emphasizes the importance of infrastructure readiness in unlocking hydrogen’s full market potential.

• Government Policies Supporting Hydrogen Development
  National energy transition policies in India are prioritizing hydrogen as a strategic pillar for achieving net-zero goals. Financial incentives, grants, and tax credits are encouraging investment in hydrogen production and CCS integration. Regulatory frameworks are evolving to support certification and trade of low-carbon hydrogen. This strong policy support provides long-term market stability. The driver demonstrates how governance and regulation can shape the pace of industrial transformation.

• Technological Advancements in SMR and Liquefaction
  Continuous innovation in reactor design, catalyst efficiency, and liquefaction systems is reducing production costs. These technological improvements are enhancing hydrogen yield and minimizing energy losses. In India, R&D initiatives are focusing on integrating renewable feedstocks and waste heat recovery. The resulting efficiency gains are improving the economic feasibility of SMR-based hydrogen production. This driver highlights innovation’s central role in scaling sustainable hydrogen production.

• Industrial and Energy Sector Decarbonization
  Industrial users such as refineries, chemical plants, and steel manufacturers in India are turning to hydrogen for process decarbonization. Liquid hydrogen offers flexibility in integration with existing industrial processes. The energy sector is also exploring hydrogen for blending with natural gas and power generation. This cross-sectoral adoption is expanding market opportunities. The driver reflects hydrogen’s emerging importance in achieving industrial sustainability.

Challenges in the Market

• High Carbon Emissions from Conventional SMR
  Traditional SMR processes produce significant CO₂ emissions, posing a major environmental challenge in India. Without CCS, these emissions undermine the market’s sustainability claims. Implementing CCS adds costs and operational complexity, limiting adoption among smaller producers. The challenge emphasizes the tension between affordability and carbon mitigation. Addressing this issue is essential for the market’s long-term viability.

• High Capital Expenditure for CCS Integration
  While CCS improves environmental performance, it requires substantial investment in capture, transport, and storage infrastructure. In India, this raises financial barriers for new SMR projects. Limited access to capital and regulatory uncertainties further slow implementation. The high upfront costs can deter private investment, especially in emerging economies. This challenge underscores the need for financial incentives and risk-sharing frameworks.

• Competition from Green Hydrogen Technologies
  The rapid advancement of electrolysis-based green hydrogen threatens SMR’s long-term dominance. Falling renewable energy costs are improving the competitiveness of green hydrogen in India. Policymakers and investors are increasingly favoring renewable-powered production routes. This competition pressures SMR operators to innovate and decarbonize faster. The challenge illustrates the dynamic shift in hydrogen technology landscapes.

• Infrastructure and Logistics Constraints
  Transporting and storing liquid hydrogen require specialized infrastructure and cryogenic handling systems. In India, limited logistics capacity restricts hydrogen availability in remote regions. Building this infrastructure demands high investment and technical expertise. Supply chain bottlenecks can delay project timelines and increase operational risks. The challenge emphasizes the importance of coordinated infrastructure planning.

• Regulatory Uncertainty and Certification Barriers
  The absence of unified standards for low-carbon hydrogen certification complicates market transparency in India. Differing definitions of blue hydrogen and varying carbon thresholds create confusion among producers and buyers. This lack of harmonization limits cross-border trade and investment. Regulatory uncertainty can slow project development and financing approvals. The challenge underscores the necessity of standardized frameworks for sustainable hydrogen markets.

India Steam Methane Reforming Liquid Hydrogen Market Segmentation

By Technology

• Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

• SMR with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

By Application

• Industrial Use

• Transportation Fuel

• Power Generation

• Energy Storage

• Others

By End-User

• Chemical & Refinery Sector

• Energy & Power Sector

• Transportation Companies

• Aerospace & Defense

• Others

Leading Key Players

• Air Liquide S.A.

• Linde plc

• Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

• Shell plc

• BP plc

• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

• Iwatani Corporation

• Siemens Energy AG

• Plug Power Inc.

• Chart Industries, Inc.

Recent Developments

• Air Liquide S.A. commissioned a blue hydrogen production facility with integrated CCS in India.

• Linde plc expanded its liquid hydrogen storage and distribution terminal network in India.

• Shell plc announced a strategic partnership in India for large-scale hydrogen liquefaction projects.

• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. developed advanced SMR reactors with higher conversion efficiency in India.

• Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. signed a long-term supply agreement for liquid hydrogen with industrial users in India.

This Market Report Will Answer the Following Questions

1. What is the projected size and CAGR of the India SMR Liquid Hydrogen Market by 2031?

2. How is CCS integration transforming the hydrogen production landscape in India?

3. Which sectors are driving the highest consumption of liquid hydrogen?

4. What are the main challenges in scaling SMR with carbon capture?

5. Who are the leading players shaping the future of the SMR Liquid Hydrogen Market in India?