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A technology called pulse code modulation (PCM) transforms communication signals into an ongoing serial stream of binary integers (encoding).
Decoding is the process of extracting the message from the serial stream of binary numbers. Simple decoding systems must operate correctly regardless of the PCM decoder’s clock frequency.
Some of the transmitted bits are read twice if the frequency is not the same as the encoder’s clock, while others are completely missed.
The PCM decoder then outputs the erroneous voltage as a result of part of the sent numbers being incorrectly understood.
If the error happens often enough, it becomes audible. Some decoders solve this problem by having the capacity to “self-clock.”
Another issue that is critical to PCM decoding is Each frame’s start must be discernible by the decoder. Every number is read erroneously if this is not done correctly.
One of two methods can be used to synchronise the frames. Although the PCM encoder can produce a unique frame synchronisation signal that the decoder can use, this has the drawback of requiring a second signal to be sent.
As an alternative, a frame synchronisation code that helps the decoder determine when the frame begins can be included in the serial data stream.
The Global pulse code modulation encoder-decoder market accounted for $XX Billion in 2021 and is anticipated to reach $XX Billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of XX% from 2022 to 2030.
Pulse code modulation (PCM) encoder decoder system for voice frequencies hardware-based model. First, a sample and hold circuit was built utilising a triggered semiconductor switch (for example, a MOSFET), which, according to Nyquist theory, can sample voice signals at a rate of 8 kHz.
The output of the sample and hold is then quantized and digitised as pulse amplitude modulation using an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) Integrated Circuit (IC) (PAM).
The outputs of the conversion are 8-bit digital parallel values per sample at an 8 kHz frequency. Finally, the voice frequency is maintained at the precise time without any delay using a parallel to serial converter logic.
The main characteristic of this PCM system is how it converts a waveform into an 8 bit serial code word during the final period of time. This wave is fed continuously, without any gaps in the sequences, by an 8-bit shift register with a decade clock and flip-flop logic.
